;;; AVI Model ;;;Core model of artificial societies for diffusion issue, and the main concepts include agent, virus, and interaction. ;;;@Author: Mingsheng TANG, College of Computer, NUDT, Changsha City, P.R.China ;;;@Copyright, 2014 ;; properties of agents;; turtles-own [ virus? ;; whether the agent carry a virus interaction-ticks ;; record the ticks from the last interaction interaction? ;; ] ;;; Setup procedures to setup __clear-all-and-reset-ticks setup-agents ;; setup of agents virus-initialization ;; virus-status-plot ;; chart plot setup end ;;; In the initial, some agents have carried viruses. to virus-initialization ask n-of initial-num-virus turtles [ carry-virus ] end ;;; Setup all agents in this model to setup-agents ;; agents setup;; set-default-shape turtles "person" crt number-of-agents [ ;; Make agents not too close to each others. setxy (random-xcor * 0.95) (random-ycor * 0.95) set color green set virus? false set interaction? false set interaction-ticks interaction-frequency ] end ;;; Run the procedure to go if ( ticks > simulation-num or count turtles with [virus?] = number-of-agents ) [stop] ask turtles [ move ] ask turtles [ if random-float 1 < interaction-chance and not interaction? [virus-spread-through-interaction] ] ask turtles with [interaction?] [ set interaction-ticks interaction-ticks + 1 ] tick do-check-interaction virus-status-plot end ;;; Interaction;interactions between agents, especially between the agents with virus and the agents without virus to virus-spread-through-interaction let random-dx random 2 - 1 let random-dy random 2 - 1 let interaction-agent one-of (turtles-at random-dx random-dy) with [not interaction?] if interaction-agent != nobody [ interaction let self-agent self ifelse virus? [ ask interaction-agent [ interaction if not virus? and random-float 1 < virus-spread-chance [ carry-virus ] ] ] [ ask interaction-agent [ interaction if virus? and random-float 1 < virus-spread-chance [ ask self-agent [carry-virus] ] ] ] ] end ;;; People move in random, and the max capability of movement is max-movement, ;;; i.e., the movement distance of a person is smaller than max-movement. to move right random-float 360 forward random max-movement end to interaction set interaction? true set interaction-ticks 0 end ;;; to check whether to do-check-interaction ask turtles with [interaction?] [ if interaction-ticks >= interaction-frequency [ set interaction? false set interaction-ticks 0 ] ] end ;;; agent carries the virus and the color of this agent becomes yellow to carry-virus ;; set virus? true set color yellow end to virus-status-plot ;;; the chart for the status of virus spread in the artificial society set-current-plot "Virus-spread Status" set-current-plot-pen "agent without virus" plot (count turtles with [not virus?]) / (count turtles) * 100 set-current-plot-pen "agent with virus" ;;; This shows how many agents carry virus plot (count turtles with [virus?]) / (count turtles) * 100 end ;;; @ author Mingsheng TANG ;;; @ College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) ;;; @ Copyright 2014. @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 378 10 784 437 16 16 12.0 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -16 16 -16 16 1 1 1 simulation ticks 30.0 SLIDER 195 129 370 162 interaction-chance interaction-chance 0.01 1 0.5 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 8 127 171 160 number-of-agents number-of-agents 100 1000 500 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL BUTTON 11 48 77 81 setup setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 81 48 168 81 go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 SLIDER 9 90 172 123 simulation-num simulation-num 0 5000 5000 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 5 167 187 200 virus-spread-chance virus-spread-chance 0 1 0.25 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 10 210 337 422 Virus-spread Status time % 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "agent without virus" 1.0 0 -15040220 true "" "" "agent with virus" 1.0 0 -1184463 true "" "" INPUTBOX 194 28 369 88 initial-num-virus 2 1 0 Number SLIDER 195 93 367 126 max-movement max-movement 0 20 10 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 195 167 376 200 interaction-frequency interaction-frequency 1 20 10 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL @#$#@#$#@ #AVI Model ## WHAT IS IT? An artificial society is a multi-agents system. The AVI model is a general artifical soceity model for studying social spread issue, e.g.,infectious diseases spread in the society. This model includes three core concepts: Agent, Virus, and Interaction. Agents are the mapping of people in the real society, and agents may carry viruses. Agents could move and interact with other agents. Viruses may spread through interactions bewteen agents. The virus is a abstract concept, which may have different meaning in different applications. For instance, virus could be indicated information in the issue of information spread in social media. This example is a simple instance of the AVI model.The AVI model could be extended to be applied in various scenes, e.g., rumor diffusion, and emergency management. ## HOW IT WORKS In each tick, agents randomly move, and the max movement distance of all agents is shorter than the maximum value (max-movement). An agent may interact with one of agents in one of the neighboral eight patches. The model uses the "interaction" to represent agents interacted with others. When an agent without viruses interacts with another agent carried viruses, this agent may be infected to carry viruses. We use different colors to indicates agents whether carrying virues: green color denotes the agent without viruses and yellow color represents the agent carrying virues. ## HOW TO USE IT The "setup" button is to intialize the procedure. Agents will randomly distribute in the space. It is assumed that no agents carry viruses. The parameter "initial-num-of-agent-with-virus" presents the number of agents carried viruses in the initial. Users could change the value of this parameter to control the number of agents carried virues in the initial. Once the simulation has been setup, you are now ready to run it, and "initial-num-of-agent-with-virus" agents will carry viruses. Pushing the GO button, the procedure will begin. GO starts the simulation and runs it continuously until GO is pushed again or the ticks reaches the "simulation-num". During a simulation initiated by GO, adjustments in sliders can affect the behaviors of agents. The sliders are introduced as follows: - The slider "number-of-agents": the number of agents in the model (100--1000). - The slider "max-movement": the max distance that an agent can move in each ticks (0--20). - The slider "interaction-chance" : the probability that two neighbor agents to interact with each others(0.01--1.0). - The slider "virus-spread-chance": the probability that an agent without viruses will be infected to carry virus after interacting with another agent carried viruses (0.01--1.0). - The slider "interaction-frequency": after how many ticks ("interaction-frequency") an agent want to interact with others (1--20). The number of individuals in the artificial society is controlled by the slider "number-of-agents" (can be set between 50--500). The number of individuals that carried viruses in the initial is controlled by the slider "initial-num-of-agent-with-virus" (>= 1), which must be initialized before pushing setup. An agent will move toward a random direction. Meanwhile, the movement distance of an agent in each tick is a random number, which is smaller than the value of "max-movement" (0--20). The value of the parameter will affect the virus spread in the artificial soceity. When the slider is set to 1, the viruses spread slowly and agents carried viruses are clustering together. When the slider is set to 20, the virues spread quickly and agents viruses are scattered across the space. The parameter reflects the movement or migration capability of people in the real society. With the development of transportation, people can move to more distant place. When a person carried viruses, maybe people in the distant place from the person will be infected by the person to carry viruses. The slider "interaction-chance" (0.01--1.0) denotes the active level of agents in the artificial society. When the value of this slider is bigger, it represents that agents are very active. Two neighbor agents probally interact with each other. This value of slider also affects the virus spread, and with a bigger value of this slider viruses may spread quickly and widely. The value of the slider "virus-spread-chance" (0.01--1.0) also has an important impact on the virus spread. The larger value of the slider represents infection rate of the virus. Different viruses may have different infection rate, i.e., the value of the slider "virus-spread-chance" will be different. People could adjust the slider according to various cases. Meanwhile, the slider "interaction-frequency" (1--20) also reflects the active level of the artificial society. However, the smaller value of the slider denotes the higher active level of the artificial society. When the slider is set to 20, an agent (interacted with another agent) will interact with other agents after 20 ticks. During the ticks, this agent will not interact with an other agents. Thus, the virus will spread slowly. Users could adjust these sliders according to thier appplication requirements. The plot shows the total number of individuals without viruses (green color), and individuals carried virues (yellow color). The data will change with simulation ticks. ## THINGS TO TRY User can run a number of experiments with the GO button to find out the effects of different variables on the spread of virus. ## EXTENDING THE MODEL The procedure does not mention the social network. As we know, people will be more likely to interact with other people who have social relationships with each others. The social network could be introduced to extend this model. Besides, people in the real soceity have different capability, and the value "interaction-frequency" of different individuals should be different. Maybe fewer individuals have a smaller "interaction-frequency" and more individuals have a bigger "interaction-frequency". ## Copyright Mingsheng TANG College of Computer, NUDT, Changsha City, P.R.China tms110145@163.com ©Copyright, 2015 @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true 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