;;Forest Fire Model ;;by Kevin Stessel ;;June 2019 breed[fires fire] breed[trees tree] breed[raindrops raindrop] breed[treecorpses treecorpse];;Baumkronen ;;Count the dead trees breed[firecorpses firecorpse];;Feuerkronen ;;Count the dead fires globals[ burned-trees ] to Setup_spreadingFire ;;Initializes the program. clear-all create_turtles update-plot set burned-trees 0 reset-ticks end to create_turtles create-trees number-trees[ set color green set shape "tree" setxy random-xcor random-ycor] create-fires fire-strength [ set color red set shape "fire" setxy random-xcor random-ycor] end to setup_groundFire clear-all create_turtles update-plot set burned-trees 0 reset-ticks ask patches[ set pcolor 35.6] end to setup_hill clear-all create_turtles update-plot set burned-trees 0 reset-ticks ;let hill bitmap:import "hoehe.png" ;let hill-width bitmap:width hill ;let hill-height bitmap:height hill ;let untergrund_hill bitmap:scaled hill 16 16 ;bitmap:copy-to-pcolors untergrund_hill true ;ask patches[ ; set pcolor grey] ask n-of 600 patches[ set pcolor grey ] ask n-of 600 patches[ set pcolor 2 ] ask n-of 600 patches[ set pcolor 1 ] ask patches with [pcolor = 0] [ set pcolor grey ] end to update-plot set-current-plot "Populations" set-current-plot-pen "trees" plot count trees set-current-plot-pen "fires" plot count fires end to go if count trees = 0 [stop];; if all trees are burned - stop if count patches with [pcolor = 105] = count patches [stop] if rain? [ create-raindrops rain-rate [move-to one-of patches set shape "circle" set size 0.5 set color 104 ] ] ask patches with [any? raindrops-here and any? fires-here];;if rain and fire is on the same patch [ set pcolor 105 ask fires[ if pcolor = 105[ die ] ] ] ask fires [ if (pcolor = 35.6) or (pcolor = 16);;Bodenfeuer [ set pcolor 16 if wind_on_off?[ set heading wind-direction rt 2 fd 0.5 set pcolor 16 ] ask neighbors4 [ set pcolor 16 ] fd 0.5 set pcolor 16 ] let probability random 100 if probability <= probability-spread [ if wind_on_off? [ set heading 0 set heading wind-direction ;;very flat if (((wind-direction >= 0) and (wind-direction <= 89)) or ((wind-direction >= 271) and (wind-direction <= 359))) and (pcolor = grey) [ hill-kill-trees 0.8 ] if (((wind-direction >= 0) and (wind-direction <= 89)) or ((wind-direction >= 271) and (wind-direction <= 359))) and (pcolor = 2);,steiler [ hill-kill-trees 2 ] if (((wind-direction >= 0) and (wind-direction <= 89)) or ((wind-direction >= 271) and (wind-direction <= 359))) and (pcolor = 1);;am steilsten [ hill-kill-trees 3 ] if (((wind-direction >= 90) and (wind-direction <= 180)) or ((wind-direction >= 181) and (wind-direction <= 269))) and (pcolor = grey);;ganz flach [ hill-kill-trees 0.8 ] if (((wind-direction >= 90) and (wind-direction <= 180)) or ((wind-direction >= 181) and (wind-direction <= 269))) and (pcolor = 2);;steiler [ hill-kill-trees 0.4 ] if (((wind-direction >= 90) and (wind-direction <= 180)) or ((wind-direction >= 181) and (wind-direction <= 269))) and (pcolor = 1);,am Steilsten [ hill-kill-trees 0.1 ] if big_jumps? [ if random 100 <= probability-big-jumps [ kill-tree-jump ] ] hill-kill-trees 0.5 ] kill-trees ] ] update-plot tick end to kill-trees let neighbors_tree one-of trees in-radius fire-radius ifelse neighbors_tree != nobody [face neighbors_tree ask neighbors_tree [set breed treecorpses hide-turtle] fd 0.5 hatch 1 [fd 0.5]] [set breed firecorpses hide-turtle] end to kill-tree-jump let direction wind-direction set heading direction fd 2 let next_neighbors one-of trees in-radius fire-radius ifelse next_neighbors != nobody [face next_neighbors ask next_neighbors [set breed treecorpses hide-turtle] set heading wind-direction fd 0.5 hatch 1 [set heading wind-direction fd 0.5]] [set breed firecorpses hide-turtle] end to hill-kill-trees [speed] let neighbors_tree one-of trees in-radius fire-radius ifelse neighbors_tree != nobody [face neighbors_tree ask neighbors_tree [set breed treecorpses hide-turtle] set heading wind-direction fd speed hatch 1 [set heading wind-direction fd speed]] [set breed firecorpses hide-turtle] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 461 25 1081 646 -1 -1 14.93 1 10 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 -20 20 -20 20 1 1 1 ticks 30.0 SLIDER 33 45 205 78 number-trees number-trees 0 2000 1400.0 50 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 35 100 207 133 fire-strength fire-strength 1 20 2.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 262 26 422 146 Populations NIL NIL 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Fires" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "" "Trees" 1.0 0 -14439633 true "" "" BUTTON 29 304 180 337 Setup - spreading fire Setup_spreadingFire\n NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 204 301 267 334 Go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 SLIDER 34 145 206 178 fire-radius fire-radius 0.5 4 2.0 0.1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 34 185 113 230 Trees count Trees 17 1 11 MONITOR 33 242 90 287 Fires count Fires 17 1 11 MONITOR 246 187 392 232 Percent of burned trees ((number-trees - count Trees) / number-trees) * 100 17 1 11 SLIDER 164 356 336 389 wind-direction wind-direction 0 360 45.0 5 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SWITCH 30 356 161 389 wind_on_off? wind_on_off? 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 28 400 153 433 rain? rain? 1 1 -1000 SLIDER 167 399 339 432 rain-rate rain-rate 0 20 0.0 1 1 drops / tick HORIZONTAL MONITOR 119 185 235 230 Burned trees count treecorpses 17 1 11 SLIDER 30 457 202 490 probability-spread probability-spread 0 100 80.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SWITCH 30 555 147 588 big_jumps? big_jumps? 1 1 -1000 MONITOR 118 242 227 287 Dead fires count firecorpses 17 1 11 SLIDER 153 555 334 588 probability-big-jumps probability-big-jumps 0 100 80.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL BUTTON 278 303 414 336 Setup - ground fire setup_groundFire NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 30 509 197 542 Setup - hill map setup_hill NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 TEXTBOX 352 549 502 605 Without wind:\n\tno big jumps\n\tclimp the hill\n\n 11 0.0 1 @#$#@#$#@ ## WHAT IS IT? This model simulates the spread of a fire through a forest and it depends on the type of fire. Furthermore, it is possible to see, which variables have an influence on the propagation. ## HOW IT WORKS The amount of fires spawns randomly on a patch. Each fire looks 360 degree around of it in the size of the fire radius for potential trees. The fire chooses one of the potential trees in the fire radius and killed it, from the death tree a new fire is generated. If there are no trees in the fire radius the fire dies. If the wind option is on, it is possible to set the wind direction. So, the fire will go through the wind direction and kill the trees on the path. Furthermore, there is a probability, that the fire is spreading or not. If the big jump option is on, the fire will take big jumps over some patches depending on the probability. Big jumps mean, that some embers rolling down the hill or the wind is spreading some pieces of embers over the trees away. Furthermore, it is possible to switch on the rain slider, to create some rain drops. If a rain drop and a fire are on the same patch, the fire will be killed, and the patch is blue coloured. It is possible to increase or decrease the drops per ticks. Depending on the used setup for the different types of forest fire, the fire will have a different behaviour. ## HOW TO USE IT There are three SETUP buttons, for each type of fire one button. Click the GO button to start the simulation. The Number-trees slider controls the number of trees in the simulation. Changes in this slider do not have any effect until the next SETUP command. The Fire-strength slider controls the number of fires. Changes in this slider do not have any effect until the next SETUP command. The Fire-radius slider controls the watching radius of each fire. One tree in this radius will be randomly selected to get killed. Changes in this slider do not have any effect until the next SETUP command. The Wind-direction slider controls the direction of the wind in degree. To use wind, the switch must be on. The Rain-rate slider controls the number of raindrops per tick. To use raindrops, the switch must be on. The Probability-spread slider controls the randomly spread of the fire. The Probability-big Jumps slider controls the probability of big-jumps fire spread. To use wind, the switch must be on. There are other parameters in the model that are not accessible by sliders. They can be changed by modifying the code in the code tab. They are: • the speed if wind is on - [0.1 - 3] • the distance of big jumps - [2] ## THINGS TO NOTICE * Try the different setup buttons to watch the speed and spread of the fire. * If the probability of spread is near 0, there will be no fire spread. * If there are under 1000 trees, the fire will not spread. ## THINGS TO TRY Try different numbers of the variables to get different solutions. ## EXTENDING THE MODEL * It is also possible to extend the model to add some other bitmap maps, to get another solution. For example, a bitmap map with a track on it to stop the fire. * make bigger trees * add a moisture of the trees and ground * add different ages of the trees * create a wall of fire * ... ## NETLOGO FEATURES none ## RELATED MODELS Following models in the NetLogo Models Library are relevant for this model: * Fire * Fire Simple * Fire Simple Extension 1 - 3 ## CREDITS AND REFERENCES made by Kevin Stessel in June 2019 @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 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