globals [ ;BacteriaStart ;Starting abundance for all Bacteria (sets each individual phylum to the input value) ActinoStart ;Starting abundance for Actinobacteria AcidoStart ;Starting abundance for Acidobacteria ProteoStart ;Starting abundance for Proteobacteria ChloroStart ;Starting abundance for Chlorobacteria CyanoStart ;Starting abundance for Cyanobacteria BacStartList ;List of all Bacteria phyla for general bacterial work DeadOld_Nematodes ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Nematodes DeadOld_Ciliate ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Ciliates DeadOld_Amoeba ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Amoeba DeadOld_Flagellates ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Flagellates DeadOld_TestateAmoeba ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for TestateAmoeba DeadOld_Bacteria ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Bacteria Starved_Nematodes ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Nematodes Starved_Ciliate ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Ciliates Starved_Amoeba ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Amoeba Starved_Flagellates ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Flagellates Starved_TestateAmoeba ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for TestateAmoeba Starved_Bacteria ;Mortality (dead from old age) tracker for Bacteria Eaten ;counter to see how many bacteria have been consumed Metab_effic ;the ratio of energy obtained from consumed food verses the total amount of chemical energy contained in the food (at the moment its the same value for all organisms [0.75 right now 11/19/2020]) Excysted ;counter to see how many organisms have successfully excysted Months ;contains a list of months in the year CurrMonth_num ;stores a numerical value related to the item number of a given month in the Months list CurrMonth_str ;stores string value of month - directly related to CurrMonth_num StartMonth_num ;stores a numerical value related to the item number of a the starting month of the model in the Months list Years ;tracks the number of years that have passed in the model (each tick = 1/8760 years) Year ;contains the current gregorian calendar year (in the model) Days Background_temp ;Baseline temperature to which effects of solar radiation and "storms" are added or subtracted. Should be close to average or maximum minimum temperature for the MDV (-55C?) SolIrr ;The amount of energy the soil receives from the sun per hour SolHeight DayLength ;The average length of day (in hours) ;Photosynthesis_rate ;the rate of photosynthesis (eventually this will be tied to atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and irradiation) DEFAULT 5 Carbon_production ;The amount of new carbon made available to the system per tick (includes carbon recycled via decomposition, newly fixed carbon via photosynthesis, and perhaps carbon converted from Inorganic sources [I'm not sure how that works though]) ;Decomposition_rate ;The amount of new carbon made available to the system per tick via decomposition cycle ;tracks the number of ticks in a year for temperature determination purposes Pi_real ; the real value of pi to X amount of digits because the one stored in netlogo is apparently not very long? ] ;Cercozoa breed [Sandonas Sandona] breed [Rhogostomas Rhogostoma] ;Nematoda breed [Scottnemas Scottnema] breed [Eudorylaimuses Eudorylaimus] ;Bacteria breed [Actinobacteria Actinobacterium] breed [Acidobacteria Acidobacterium] breed [Proteobacteria Proteobacterium] breed [Chloroflexi Chloroflexum] breed [Cyanobacteria Cyanobacterium] turtles-own [ Org_type trophic_preference ;Temperature_Tolerance ;Excysted ;Boolean movement ;Type speed ;Vertical_Position ;C:N_ratio reproduction_threshold ;Energy and/or time needed before offspring are born lifespan ;How long individuals in a species lives (in ticks) age ;Current age Energy ;Stores the organism's current energy level StartEnergy ;How much energy the organism starts with (useful for determining metabolism and other variables) active ;boolean - when false, organisms are in cryptobiosis (i.e. encystment, sporulated, anhydrobiosis or etc.) starving ;a counter that tracks how long an organism has gone without food (determines when to enter cryptobiosis) Active_clr ;stores the default color of each organism for when it is active (specifically for when it exits cryptobiosis and its color would otherwise be lost) Metab_act ;stores the ratio of an organism's starting energy to subtract from an organism's current energy each tick Feed_capacity ;the amount of organisms (for now, bacteria 11/19/2020) an predator can consume in one sitting Temp_tol_Up ;the organism's temperature tolerance (lower limit) ;;it may be best to actually make no assumption about this where it is unknown (i.e. keep the range broad so it as broad as all other organisms, so you know any differential fitness isn't an effect of completely made-up guesses on these values Temp_tol_Lwr ;the organism's temperature tolerance (upper limit) Moist_tol_Up ;the organism's moisture tolerance (lower limit) Moist_tol_Lwr ;the organism's moisture tolerance (upper limit) ] patches-own[ Moisture ;0.001 to 100% Total_OrgCarbon ;Equal to Legacy_Carbon + Carbon_Production + Carbon_Decomposition. Carbon_Production comes from phototrophs, Carbon_Decomposition comes from heterotrophs and the death rate. Legacy_Carbon ;Randomly decided at model start, always decreases over the lifespan of the model Temperature ;tracks soil temperature (basic) Detritus ; tallies the amount of carbon ("energy" as of 11/19/2020, to be changed later) in the patch from dead organisms ] to setup ca ;Setup Environment ;patches each have: moisture, salinity, pH, OM, irradiation level set cycle 0 set Eaten 0 set Years 0 set Year StartingYear set Months ["January" "February" "March" "April" "May" "June" "July" "August" "September" "October" "November" "December"] set StartMonth_num 10 ; sets the starting month to December set CurrMonth_num StartMonth_num ; sets the current month to the starting month set CurrMonth_str item CurrMonth_num Months ; sets the current month string reporter to the current month from the list set DayLength 0 set Pi_real 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989 ask patches [ ;::ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS set Moisture random-float 0.1 ;set Temperature random-float 0.1 ;;;NUTRIENTS set Detritus 0 ;although detritus and legacy carbon are essentially the same* (could be argued to be the same or very related? two proximal ends of a spectrum), here detritus simply means OM put into the system from dying organisms (what about windblown OM? later...) set Legacy_Carbon random 501 + 500 ;sets the amount of Legacy Carbon (units?) per patch between 499 and 1001. set Total_OrgCarbon Legacy_Carbon + CarbonStart ;Display if Show_moisture = true [set pcolor scale-color blue Moisture 0 0.1] if Show_L-Carbon = true [set pcolor scale-color red Legacy_Carbon 1 1000] if Show_T-Carbon = true [set pcolor scale-color green Total_OrgCarbon 1 2000] ] ; set Photosynthesis_rate 10 ;(eventually this will be tied to atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and irradiation) ; set Decomposition_rate 10 ;(eventually this will be tied to atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and irradiation) ; set Carbon_production Carbon_production (Photosynthesis_rate + Decomposition_rate); Carbon_production also encapsulates ;set SolIrrdnc XXX ;Setup Species Distribution ;patches each have: #of each species from above. ;Organism type, Trophic preference, feeding capacity, metabolism, movement speed, Energy, reproduction threshold, lifespan, temp (lower limit, C), temp (upper limit, C), % moisture (lower limit), % moisture (upper limit), shape, color, turtle size ;Cercozoa if Sandona_Cerc = true [create-Sandonas SandonaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Flagellate" "Bacteria" 1 0.05 2 80 120 168 1 25 0.035 0.1 "default" 85 1]] if Rhogostoma_Cerc = true [create-Rhogostomas RhogostomaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Testate Amoeba" "Bacteria" 1 0.03 0.5 130 195 240 4 15 0.005 0.06 "balloon" 55 1.5]] ;Reproduction threshold is set as 1.5 energy (what does energy actually mean here? Starting energy?) ;Nematoda if Scottnema_Nem = true [create-Scottnemas ScottnemaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Nematode" "Bacteria" 30 0.007 8 2000 3000 720 4 15 0.015 0.06 "caterpillar" 105 3.5]] ;Age tracker will need to incorporate active aging vs inactive aging (so that scottnema's relatively shorter metabolic lifespan will result in a longer real-time lifespan than Eudorylaimus; I am assuming that as a smaller organism lower on the trophic ladder Scottnema has a shorter metabolic lifespan (metabolic lifespan meaning the lifespan of the organism's physiology, regardless of the environment's modulation of its real-time activity and resulting lifespan) if Eudorylaimus_Nem = true [create-Eudorylaimuses EudorylaimusStart [SpeciesSpecs "Nematode" "Omni" 75 0.05 5 5000 7500 1080 8 25 0.05 0.2 "caterpillar" 15 5]] set BacStartList ["ActinoStart" "AcidoStart" "ProteoStart" "ChloroStart" "CyanoStart"] foreach BacStartList [n -> set n BacteriaStart] ;Bacteria ; rather than creating all of these in order, it might be better to creat all organisms at once (or at least all bacteria at once, if you're going to separate your biota into distinctly managed (maybe based on function) groups)so that if Actinobacteria_Bac = true [create-Actinobacteria BacteriaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Bacteria" "hetero" 0 0.05 0 25 30 72 0.5 15 0.005 0.05 "dot" 44 0.5]] if Acidobacteria_Bac = true [create-Acidobacteria BacteriaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Bacteria" "hetero" 0 0.05 0 25 30 72 4 15 0.02 0.07 "dot" 24 0.5]] if Proteobacteria_Bac = true [create-Proteobacteria BacteriaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Bacteria" "hetero" 0 0.05 0 25 30 72 4 25 0.04 0.2 "dot" 94 0.5]] if Chloroflexi_Bac = true [create-Chloroflexi BacteriaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Bacteria" "hetero" 0 0.05 0 25 30 72 10 25 0.03 0.1 "dot" 134 0.5]] if Cyanobacteria_Bac = true [create-Cyanobacteria BacteriaStart [SpeciesSpecs "Bacteria" "hetero" 0 0.05 0 25 30 72 10 25 0.01 0.15 "dot" 64 0.5]] reset-ticks set Metab_effic 0.75 end to go ;;Environment ;;Calculating DayLength and Energy input into the soil ; if (CurrMonth_num > 10) or (CurrMonth_num < 3) [set DayLength 24] ; Day length is ~24 hours from Oct 24 to February 20 - see https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/antarctica/mcmurdo (rounding for simplicity in prototype) ; if (CurrMonth_num = 10) or (CurrMonth_num = 3) [set DayLength 12] ; Day length transitions quickly from 24 hours to <10 hours between Februray 20 and March 31, and Sep 12 and October 24 - see https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/antarctica/mcmurdo (rounding for simplicity in prototype) ; if (CurrMonth_num = 9) or (CurrMonth_num = 4) [set DayLength 5] ; Day length transitions quickly from <10 hours to 0 hours between April 1 and 25; and from Aug 15 to September 12 - see https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/antarctica/mcmurdo (rounding for simplicity in prototype) ; if (CurrMonth_num < 9) and (CurrMonth_num > 4) [set DayLength 0] ; Day length transitions quickly from <10 hours to 0 hours between April 1 and 25; and from Aug 15 to September 12 - see https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/antarctica/mcmurdo (rounding for simplicity in prototype) ;EnergyPerDay = SolIrrdnc * Daylength set cycle ticks mod (8760 * 0.5) ; cycle is equal to half of the year in ticks ask patches [ ;set Temperature (ticks mod (8760 * 0.5) - 51) set Temperature 6 * sin (((2 * 24) / Pi_real ) * ticks) + (12 * sin (ticks / 90)) - 5 set Total_OrgCarbon Total_OrgCarbon + Photosynthesis_rate + Decomposition_rate set Carbon_production (Photosynthesis_rate + Decomposition_rate) if Show_moisture = true [set pcolor scale-color blue Moisture 0 0.1] if Show_L-Carbon = true [set pcolor scale-color red Legacy_Carbon 1 1000] if Show_T-Carbon = true [set pcolor scale-color green Total_OrgCarbon 1 2000] ] ;;Biota ;Model search for food ask turtles [ if active = True [ Move Feed if Energy >= reproduction_threshold [Reproduce] ] ;Cryptobiosis ;Senesce ;Starve ] ;if (count turtles with [Org_type = "Nematode" and active = True] = 0) [STOP] if (count turtles with [Org_type = "Bacteria"] = 0) [STOP] ;if (count turtles with [Org_type = "Flagellate"] = 0) [STOP] ;if (count turtles = 0) [STOP] tick if (ticks mod 24 = 0) and (ticks > 0) [set Days Days + 1] ;each tick is equal to 1 hour if (ticks mod 730 = 0) and (ticks > 0) [ set CurrMonth_num CurrMonth_num + 1 if (CurrMonth_num > 11) [set CurrMonth_num 0] ;increase month determiner by 1 and check for "end of year" (ie month value is > 12) set CurrMonth_str item CurrMonth_num Months] ;each month the month reporter changes to the next month. Based on 730 hours in a month. ;this assumes all months are equal length, which you could maybe get away with for everything but February. set Years (ticks / 8760) ;if ticks mod 8760 = 0 [set Years Years + 1] ;each year-in-model the year reporter increases by 1. Based on 8760 hours in a year. set Year StartingYear + Years end ;SPECIESSPECS ;Defines attributes for all species; group-specific characteristics are passed with function call in setup. ;Called by SETUP ;******************************************************************************** to SpeciesSpecs [Otype TrPr FdCpct MetAct Spd Enrgy RepThr Lfspn TmpTol_Up TmpTol_Lwr MstTol_Up MstTol_Lwr shp clr sz] set Org_type Otype set trophic_preference trPr set Metab_act MetAct set Feed_capacity FdCpct set speed spd ;Vertical_Position set Energy Enrgy set StartEnergy Enrgy set reproduction_threshold repThr ;Energy and/or time needed before offspring are born set lifespan lfspn ;How long individuals in a species lives (in ticks) set age random lifespan set active TRUE set starving 0 ;Temperature_Tolerance set Temp_tol_Up TmpTol_Up set Temp_tol_Lwr TmpTol_Lwr set Moist_tol_Up MstTol_Up set Moist_tol_Lwr MstTol_Lwr ;Excysted ;Boolean set shape shp set color clr set Active_clr clr set size sz show-turtle setxy random-xcor random-ycor if Show_Turtles = false [hide-turtle] end ;MOVE ;Wrapper that sorts soil consumers into movement types. ;Called by Go. Calls Squirm, Wiggle, Swim, Ooze, and Crawl. ;******************************************************************************** to Move if Org_type = "Nematode" [Squirm] ;if Org_type = "Bacteria" [Wiggle] ;if Org_type = "Ciliate" [Swim] if (Org_type = "Testate Amoeba" or Org_type = "Amoeba") [Ooze] if Org_type = "Flagellate" [Crawl] end ;FEED (Copied from CompBase5.0peck3_art4 6/2/2020, then modified) ;Manages the feeding behavior of soil consumers. (Will eventually be individualized and moved in with each type's movement) ;Soil consumers search for prey in a radius of 10, then move to prey's patch and consume it if their energy is not full (i.e. hungry). ;Called by Go. Calls Death. ;******************************************************************************** to Feed ifelse Org_type = "Bacteria" [ let Consume (size * 10) let HowMuch? 0 ask patch-here [set HowMuch? Total_OrgCarbon] if Total_OrgCarbon > Consume [ set Energy Energy + Consume ask patch-here [set Total_OrgCarbon Total_OrgCarbon - Consume] ] ] ;ifelse Org_type = "Nematode" [ ; if any? turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius 3[ [ let fdpref trophic_preference let Nutrients 0 let Loss 0;let success random 2 ;Nutrients stores the amount of food/energy passed from the dead prey to predator ; Loss stores the amount of food/energy passed from the dead prey to detritus of the current patch. ifelse any? turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius 1 ;if there is the right food around, then do: [ifelse active = false [set active true set color red set Excysted Excysted + 1] ;;if in cryptobiosis, come out (note that this means it will not eat this tick, but will detect food and take the tick to come out in preparation to eat next tick) [ set starving 0 let feeding 0 let attack random 2 if attack = 1 [ while [feeding < Feed_capacity and any? turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius size = true] [ ask one-of turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius size [ ;; If the prey organism type matches the hunting organism's trophic preference, and is in the feeding radius of the organism (equal to the hunter's size) then the prey is consumed set Nutrients (Energy * Metab_effic) set Loss (Energy * (1 - Metab_effic)) ;; the metabolic equation in this is overly simple = 25% of the consumed organisms' energy goes to the patch as detritus, and the rest into the consumer; e.g. nothing is lost as heat ask patch-here [set Detritus Loss] set Eaten Eaten + 1 die ] ;; This tracker will not specify which thing is being eaten - change this later on set Energy Energy + Nutrients ;; Increases predator energy by the consumed prey's biomass (note that Nutrients does not account for energy lost during consumption) set feeding feeding + 1 ] ] ] ] ;if there is no food or not the right food around, then do: [ if active = true [ set starving starving + 1 if starving > 5 [set active false set color white set starving 0] ; this essentially means if they go for two hours without food, they encyst. DEFAULT should I add an energy cost to entering and exiting encsytment? probably... for a later iteration though ] ] ] end ;REPRODUCE (Movement Type) ;Defines reproducitve behavior for organisms that have passed their energetic "reproduction threshold". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Reproduce if Org_type = "Bacteria" [hatch 1 [set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5) set age 0 rt random 360 fd 1] set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5)] ; assumes reproduction takes half of the energy available to the parent cell if Org_type = "Nematode" [hatch 1 [set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5) set age 0 rt random 360 fd 1] set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5)] ; nematodes and other metazoa should definitely be hatching from an egg; obviously the "hatch 1" is way wrong for nematodes, as it is for pretty much all the eukaryotes if Org_type = "Flagellate" or Org_type = "Amoeba" or Org_type = "Testate Amoeba" [hatch 1 [set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5) set age 0] set Energy (StartEnergy * 0.5)] ; assumes reproduction takes half of the energy available to the parent cell end ;BIN_FISS ;Defines reproduction for bacteria ;Called by REPRODUCE. (this function is incomplete) ;******************************************************************************** to Bin_Fiss [type_] end ;CRYPTOBIOSIS ;Governs the entering and exiting of cryptobiosis for all organisms in resposne to ;moisture, temperature, and food (I will probably add others in the future, but I'm ;not sure which yet ...) ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Cryptobiosis ;these are all very simple, "on/off" type switches. I will need to add complexity later. ;Enter Cryptobiosis if it is too cold (TEMPERATURE) if [temperature] of patch-here < Temp_tol_Lwr [set active false set color white set starving 0] ;Enter Cryptobiosis if there is not enough MOISTURE ;if [moisture] of patch-here < Moist_tol_Lwr [set active false set color white set starving 0] ;Enter Cryptobiosis if there is not enough FOOD ;Currently managed by FEED 11/19/2020 ;if not any? turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius 1 ;[ ;set starving starving + 1 ;if starving > 1 [set active false set color white set starving 0] ; this essentially means if they go for two hours without food, they encyst. ;] ;Exit Cryptobiosis if it is warm enough (TEMPERATURE) if [temperature] of patch-here > Temp_tol_Lwr [set active true set color Active_clr set Excysted Excysted + 1] ;Exit Cryptobiosis if there is not enough MOISTURE ;if [moisture] of patch-here > Moist_tol_Lwr [set active true set color Active_clr] ;Exit Cryptobiosis if there is not enough FOOD ;if any? turtles with [Org_type = fdpref] in-radius 1 [set active true set color Active_clr set starving 0] end ;SENESCE ;Governs aging, dying, and oldage counter for all organisms. ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Senesce if active = true [set age age + 1] if (age >= lifespan) [ if (Org_type = "Nematode") [set DeadOld_Nematodes DeadOld_Nematodes + 1] if (Org_type = "Ciliate") [set DeadOld_Ciliate DeadOld_Ciliate + 1] if (Org_type = "Amoeba") [set DeadOld_Amoeba DeadOld_Amoeba + 1] if (Org_type = "Flagellate") [set DeadOld_Flagellates DeadOld_Flagellates + 1] if (Org_type = "Testate Amoeba") [set DeadOld_TestateAmoeba DeadOld_TestateAmoeba + 1] if (Org_type = "Bacteria") [set DeadOld_Bacteria DeadOld_Bacteria + 1] die] end ;Starve (Movement Type) ;Governs the when and how organisms starve to death. ;Called by GO. Calls Excystment (maybe not right now ...). ;******************************************************************************** to Starve ifelse active = true [set Energy Energy - (StartEnergy * Metab_act)][set Energy Energy - (StartEnergy * 0.0001)] ;expending energy during active and inactive states (there must be a formula for how much there is of this) ; there is some relationship between the number multiplied with StartEnergy and the metabolic efficiency if (Energy <= 0) [ if (Org_type = "Nematode") [set Starved_Nematodes Starved_Nematodes + 1] if (Org_type = "Ciliate") [set Starved_Ciliate Starved_Ciliate + 1] if (Org_type = "Amoeba") [set Starved_Amoeba Starved_Amoeba + 1] if (Org_type = "Flagellate") [set Starved_Flagellates Starved_Flagellates + 1] if (Org_type = "Testate Amoeba") [set Starved_TestateAmoeba Starved_TestateAmoeba + 1] if (Org_type = "Bacteria") [set Starved_Bacteria Starved_Bacteria + 1] die] end ;SQUIRM (Movement Type) ;Defines movement for organisms with Org_type "Nematode". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Squirm rt random 90 fd (speed / 2) lt random 90 fd (speed / 2) end ;WIGGLE (Movement Type) ;Defines movement for organisms with Org_type "Bacteria". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Wiggle rt random 45 lt random 90 fd speed end ;SWIM (Movement Type) ;Defines movement for organisms with Org_type "Ciliate". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Swim end ;OOZE (Movement Type) ;Defines movement for organisms with Org_type "Amoeba" or "Testate Amoeba". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Ooze fd speed let turn random 10 if turn = 5 [rt random 90 lt random 180] end ;CRAWL (Movement Type) ;Defines movement for organisms with Org_type "Flagellate". ;Called by GO. Makes no calls. ;******************************************************************************** to Crawl ; if (random 3 = 1) [ rt random 45 lt random 90 fd speed ; ] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 210 10 647 448 -1 -1 13.0 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -16 16 -16 16 0 0 1 ticks 30.0 BUTTON 75 11 138 44 NIL Go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 8 10 72 43 NIL Setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 PLOT 674 12 1032 261 Active eukaryotes Ticks Abundance 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Scottnema" 1.0 0 -13345367 true "" "plot count Scottnemas with [active = true]" "Eudorylaimus" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "plot count Eudorylaimuses with [active = true]" "Sandonas" 1.0 0 -11221820 true "" "plot count Sandonas with [active = true]" "Rhogostoma" 1.0 0 -13840069 true "" "plot count Rhogostomas with [active = true]" PLOT 1043 10 1374 261 Active Bacteria Ticks Abundance 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Proteobacteria" 1.0 0 -14454117 true "" "plot count Proteobacteria with [active = true]" "Actinobacteria" 1.0 0 -4079321 true "" "plot count Actinobacteria with [active = true]" "Acidobacteria" 1.0 0 -3844592 true "" "plot count Acidobacteria with [active = true]" "Chloroflexi" 1.0 0 -4757638 true "" "plot count Chloroflexi with [active = true]" "Cyanobacteria" 1.0 0 -14439633 true "" "plot count Cyanobacteria with [active = true]" PLOT 673 266 1030 453 Energy (Euk) Ticks Energy 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Scottnema" 1.0 0 -13345367 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Scottnemas" "Eudorylaimus" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "if any? Eudorylaimuses [plot mean [Energy] of Eudorylaimuses]" "Sandona" 1.0 0 -11221820 true "" "if any? Sandonas [plot mean [Energy] of Sandonas]" "Rhogostoma" 1.0 0 -13840069 true "" "if any? Rhogostomas [plot mean [Energy] of Rhogostomas]" PLOT 1043 267 1374 453 Energy (Bac) Ticks Energy 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Proteobacteria" 1.0 0 -14454117 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Proteobacteria" "Actinobacteria" 1.0 0 -4079321 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Actinobacteria" "Acidobacteria" 1.0 0 -3844592 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Acidobacteria" "Chloroflexi" 1.0 0 -4757638 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Chloroflexi" "Cyanobacteria" 1.0 0 -14439633 true "" "plot mean [Energy] of Cyanobacteria" PLOT 678 462 1029 663 Mortality-Starved Ticks Dead 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Nematodes" 1.0 0 -13345367 true "" "plot Starved_Nematodes" "Amoeba" 1.0 0 -6459832 true "" "plot Starved_Amoeba" "TestateAmoeba" 1.0 0 -8630108 true "" "plot Starved_TestateAmoeba" "Flagellates" 1.0 0 -5825686 true "" "plot Starved_Flagellates" "Bacteria" 1.0 0 -14835848 true "" "plot Starved_Bacteria" SWITCH 16 50 147 83 Show_Turtles Show_Turtles 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 11 86 151 119 Show_moisture Show_moisture 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 9 122 152 155 Show_L-Carbon Show_L-Carbon 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 9 157 153 190 Show_T-Carbon Show_T-Carbon 1 1 -1000 MONITOR 463 605 605 650 Total_OrgCarbon (avg) mean [Total_OrgCarbon] of patches 1 1 11 PLOT 462 453 662 603 Total_OrgCarbon NIL NIL 0.0 1000.0 0.0 5.0 false false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "histogram [Total_OrgCarbon] of patches" MONITOR 675 716 823 761 Bacterial Generations (??? needs checking) ticks / (mean [lifespan] of turtles with [Org_Type = \"Bacteria\"]) 0 1 11 MONITOR 683 667 777 712 Bacteria Eaten Eaten 0 1 11 INPUTBOX 169 721 324 781 BacteriaStart 100.0 1 0 Number PLOT 1045 462 1363 663 Mortality-Age NIL NIL 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "Nematodes" 1.0 0 -13345367 true "" "plot DeadOld_Nematodes" "Amoeba" 1.0 0 -8431303 true "" "plot DeadOld_Amoeba" "TestateAmoeba" 1.0 0 -10141563 true "" "plot DeadOld_TestateAmoeba" "Flagellates" 1.0 0 -7858858 true "" "plot DeadOld_Flagellates" "Bacteria" 1.0 0 -15302303 true "" "plot DeadOld_Bacteria" MONITOR 832 674 912 719 Month CurrMonth_str 0 1 11 MONITOR 832 718 889 763 Years Years 1 1 11 SWITCH 22 467 158 500 Sandona_Cerc Sandona_Cerc 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 22 502 159 535 Rhogostoma_Cerc Rhogostoma_Cerc 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 22 552 160 585 Scottnema_Nem Scottnema_Nem 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 21 589 160 622 Eudorylaimus_Nem Eudorylaimus_Nem 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 21 685 164 718 Actinobacteria_Bac Actinobacteria_Bac 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 23 757 167 790 Acidobacteria_Bac Acidobacteria_Bac 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 22 792 172 825 Proteobacteria_Bac Proteobacteria_Bac 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 22 721 162 754 Chloroflexi_Bac Chloroflexi_Bac 0 1 -1000 SWITCH 21 648 165 681 Cyanobacteria_Bac Cyanobacteria_Bac 0 1 -1000 INPUTBOX 10 203 154 263 CarbonStart 500.0 1 0 Number SLIDER 11 324 183 357 Photosynthesis_rate Photosynthesis_rate 0 100 5.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 11 358 183 391 Decomposition_rate Decomposition_rate 0 100 0.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 464 697 605 742 Legacy_Carbon (avg) mean [Legacy_Carbon] of patches 1 1 11 INPUTBOX 11 263 162 323 StartingYear 2020.0 1 0 Number MONITOR 833 763 918 808 Current Year Year 0 1 11 MONITOR 323 467 448 512 Sandona Energy (avg) mean [Energy] of Sandonas 1 1 11 MONITOR 326 723 448 768 Bacteria Energy (avg) mean [Energy] of turtles with [Org_Type = \"Bacteria\"] 1 1 11 INPUTBOX 166 466 320 526 SandonaStart 5.0 1 0 Number MONITOR 694 768 758 813 NIL Excysted 0 1 11 MONITOR 465 651 555 696 Detritus (avg) mean [Detritus] of patches 3 1 11 PLOT 1453 307 1653 457 Sandona_Energy_hist NIL NIL 0.0 100.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "histogram [Energy] of Sandonas" PLOT 1453 471 1653 621 Detritus hist NIL NIL 0.0 20.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "histogram [Detritus] of Patches" INPUTBOX 167 527 319 587 RhogostomaStart 5.0 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 167 597 320 657 ScottnemaStart 5.0 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 168 656 321 716 EudorylaimusStart 5.0 1 0 Number MONITOR 321 530 456 575 Rhogostoma Energy (avg) mean [Energy] of Rhogostomas 1 1 11 MONITOR 320 596 456 641 Scottnema Energy (avg) mean [Energy] of Scottnemas 1 1 11 MONITOR 321 662 458 707 Eudorylaimus Energy (avg) mean [Energy] of Eudorylaimuses 1 1 11 PLOT 1389 34 1804 232 Soil temperature Ticks Celsius 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "Temp" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot mean [Temperature] of patches" @#$#@#$#@ ## WHAT IS IT? NOTE: This version of the model is only a prototype and proof-of-concept of the final model. Thus, the functionality and features are much less than implied in this description. The purpose of this model is to simulate the impact that increasing temperature from anthropogenic climate change will have on the composition, structure, and functioning of the McMurdo Dry Valley (McMurdo Dry Valley) soil food web, which is a model microbial ecosystem. The model will describe the most significant changes in the food web, and it will provide a mechanistic explanation of why those most significant changes occurred (i.e., proximal causes). ## HOW IT WORKS The model is designed to replicate the activity of soil microorganisms in a polar cryodesert. Organisms, represented by agents, move about in a simulated soil environment, represented by patches/grid units. They move, feed, search for mates (if sexual), mate (if sexual), reproduce, enter and exit cryptobiosis, avoid negative environmental stimuli whenever possible, and die of old age, environmental insult (e.g., freezing), or biotic interactions (e.g., predation). The default starting month is November in order to simulate the middle of the austral spring (in the future, the start date can be changed), which is generally before soils have warmed enough to enable biological activity. Patch state variables are initialized according to default settings and/or manual input from the user at this time. Certain patch state variables (e.g., distribution of moisture, legacy-carbon, and total carbon across patches) can be set to display on the UI at initialization. ## HOW TO USE IT In its current iteration, the user can specify: which taxa are present (using green toggle switches); their starting abundances (using green input boxes); the starting year (default 2020); the starting photosynthesis and decomposition rate (default 5 and 0 respectively; exogenous carbon input into the system is low relative to overall biomass); starting totalcarbon (green input box), and whether to show moisture, total and legacy carbon in the background (blue, green, & red; randomly distributed across patches in present iteration; cannot show more than one at a time). In the future, the following values will be adjustable during initialization: dispersal rates, the number of soil samples to be simulated, the generation rate of novel species during the model run (representing invasive species), the frequency of disturbance events (i.e., exceptionally warm years), the addition and population sizes of many more species, etc. ## CREDITS AND REFERENCES This model is currently in development. For questions, contact author Andrew Thompson at opabinia33@gmail.com. @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 balloon false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 73 0 152 Polygon -7500403 true true 219 104 205 133 185 165 174 190 165 210 165 225 150 225 147 119 Polygon -7500403 true true 79 103 95 133 115 165 126 190 135 210 135 225 150 225 154 120 Rectangle -6459832 true false 129 241 173 273 Line -16777216 false 135 225 135 240 Line -16777216 false 165 225 165 240 Line -16777216 false 150 225 150 240 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 89 198 75 225 75 255 105 270 135 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 139 148 100 105 55 90 25 90 10 105 10 135 25 180 40 195 85 194 139 163 Polygon -7500403 true true 162 150 200 105 245 90 275 90 290 105 290 135 275 180 260 195 215 195 162 165 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 135 225 120 150 135 120 150 105 165 120 180 150 165 225 Circle -16777216 true false 135 90 30 Line -16777216 false 150 105 195 60 Line -16777216 false 150 105 105 60 car false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 300 180 279 164 261 144 240 135 226 132 213 106 203 84 185 63 159 50 135 50 75 60 0 150 0 165 0 225 300 225 300 180 Circle -16777216 true false 180 180 90 Circle -16777216 true false 30 180 90 Polygon -16777216 true false 162 80 132 78 134 135 209 135 194 105 189 96 180 89 Circle -7500403 true true 47 195 58 Circle -7500403 true true 195 195 58 caterpillar true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 210 165 225 135 255 105 270 90 270 75 255 75 240 90 210 120 195 135 165 165 135 165 105 150 75 150 60 135 60 120 45 120 30 135 15 150 15 180 30 180 45 195 45 210 60 225 105 225 135 210 150 210 165 195 195 180 210 Line -16777216 false 135 255 90 210 Line -16777216 false 165 225 120 195 Line -16777216 false 135 165 180 210 Line -16777216 false 150 150 201 186 Line -16777216 false 165 135 210 150 Line -16777216 false 165 120 225 120 Line -16777216 false 165 106 221 90 Line -16777216 false 157 91 210 60 Line -16777216 false 150 60 180 45 Line -16777216 false 120 30 96 26 Line -16777216 false 124 0 135 15 circle false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 circle 2 false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 cow false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 200 193 197 249 179 249 177 196 166 187 140 189 93 191 78 179 72 211 49 209 48 181 37 149 25 120 25 89 45 72 103 84 179 75 198 76 252 64 272 81 293 103 285 121 255 121 242 118 224 167 Polygon -7500403 true true 73 210 86 251 62 249 48 208 Polygon -7500403 true true 25 114 16 195 9 204 23 213 25 200 39 123 cylinder false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 dot false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 90 90 120 face happy false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 90 239 62 213 47 191 67 179 90 203 109 218 150 225 192 218 210 203 227 181 251 194 236 217 212 240 face neutral false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 7 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 195 240 225 face sad false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 168 90 184 62 210 47 232 67 244 90 220 109 205 150 198 192 205 210 220 227 242 251 229 236 206 212 183 fish false 0 Polygon -1 true false 44 131 21 87 15 86 0 120 15 150 0 180 13 214 20 212 45 166 Polygon -1 true false 135 195 119 235 95 218 76 210 46 204 60 165 Polygon -1 true false 75 45 83 77 71 103 86 114 166 78 135 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 136 151 77 226 81 280 119 292 146 292 160 287 170 270 195 195 210 151 212 30 166 Circle -16777216 true false 215 106 30 flag false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 60 15 75 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 90 150 270 90 90 30 Line -7500403 true 75 135 90 135 Line -7500403 true 75 45 90 45 flower false 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 135 120 165 165 180 210 180 240 150 300 165 300 195 240 195 195 165 135 Circle -7500403 true true 85 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 147 38 Circle -7500403 true true 192 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 85 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 70 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 25 38 Circle -7500403 true true 96 51 108 Circle -16777216 true false 113 68 74 Polygon -10899396 true false 189 233 219 188 249 173 279 188 234 218 Polygon -10899396 true false 180 255 150 210 105 210 75 240 135 240 house false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 45 120 255 285 Rectangle -16777216 true false 120 210 180 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 120 150 15 285 120 Line -16777216 false 30 120 270 120 leaf false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 210 135 195 120 210 60 210 30 195 60 180 60 165 15 135 30 120 15 105 40 104 45 90 60 90 90 105 105 120 120 120 105 60 120 60 135 30 150 15 165 30 180 60 195 60 180 120 195 120 210 105 240 90 255 90 263 104 285 105 270 120 285 135 240 165 240 180 270 195 240 210 180 210 165 195 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 195 135 240 120 255 105 255 105 285 135 285 165 240 165 195 line true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 line half true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 150 pentagon false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 15 15 120 60 285 240 285 285 120 person false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 110 5 80 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 225 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 195 90 Rectangle -7500403 true true 127 79 172 94 Polygon -7500403 true true 195 90 240 150 225 180 165 105 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 60 150 75 180 135 105 plant false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 135 90 165 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90 rhogostoma true 0 Rectangle -11221820 true false 105 75 180 150 Rectangle -11221820 true false 180 120 180 120 Rectangle -11221820 true false 180 90 195 105 Rectangle -11221820 true false 180 105 195 120 Rectangle -11221820 true false 180 120 195 135 Rectangle -11221820 true false 120 150 165 165 Rectangle -11221820 true false 120 60 165 75 Rectangle -11221820 true false 90 135 105 90 Rectangle -11221820 true false 90 90 105 135 Rectangle -11221820 true false 90 75 105 90 Rectangle -11221820 true false 105 60 120 75 Rectangle -11221820 true false 165 60 180 75 Rectangle -11221820 true false 180 75 195 90 Rectangle -13791810 true false 120 165 165 180 Rectangle -13791810 true false 135 180 150 210 Rectangle -13791810 true false 150 180 180 195 Rectangle -13791810 true false 105 180 135 195 Rectangle -13791810 true false 105 195 120 210 Rectangle -13791810 true false 180 180 195 195 Rectangle -13791810 true false 195 195 210 210 Rectangle -13791810 true false 165 195 180 210 Rectangle -13791810 true false 165 210 180 225 Rectangle -13791810 true false 150 195 165 210 Rectangle -13791810 true false 135 210 150 225 Rectangle -1 true false 120 90 135 105 Rectangle -1 true false 135 120 150 135 Rectangle -1 true false 120 105 135 120 Rectangle -13791810 true false 195 180 210 195 sheep false 15 Circle -1 true true 203 65 88 Circle -1 true true 70 65 162 Circle -1 true true 150 105 120 Polygon -7500403 true false 218 120 240 165 255 165 278 120 Circle -7500403 true false 214 72 67 Rectangle -1 true true 164 223 179 298 Polygon -1 true true 45 285 30 285 30 240 15 195 45 210 Circle -1 true true 3 83 150 Rectangle -1 true true 65 221 80 296 Polygon -1 true true 195 285 210 285 210 240 240 210 195 210 Polygon -7500403 true false 276 85 285 105 302 99 294 83 Polygon -7500403 true false 219 85 210 105 193 99 201 83 square false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 square 2 false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240 star false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108 target false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180 Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 tree false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94 Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300 Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108 Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127 Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152 triangle false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 triangle 2 false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224 truck false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187 Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194 Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105 Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112 Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42 Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194 Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42 Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42 turtle true 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210 Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87 Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99 wheel false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15 Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269 Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221 Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79 Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269 wolf false 0 Polygon -16777216 true false 253 133 245 131 245 133 Polygon -7500403 true true 2 194 13 197 30 191 38 193 38 205 20 226 20 257 27 265 38 266 40 260 31 253 31 230 60 206 68 198 75 209 66 228 65 243 82 261 84 268 100 267 103 261 77 239 79 231 100 207 98 196 119 201 143 202 160 195 166 210 172 213 173 238 167 251 160 248 154 265 169 264 178 247 186 240 198 260 200 271 217 271 219 262 207 258 195 230 192 198 210 184 227 164 242 144 259 145 284 151 277 141 293 140 299 134 297 127 273 119 270 105 Polygon -7500403 true true -1 195 14 180 36 166 40 153 53 140 82 131 134 133 159 126 188 115 227 108 236 102 238 98 268 86 269 92 281 87 269 103 269 113 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 6.2.2 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@ 0 @#$#@#$#@