;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; The Musical Chairs model - A model of the interaction between farming and herding ;; Copyright (C) 2013 Andreas Angourakis (andros.spica@gmail.com) ;; ;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ;; (at your option) any later version. ;; ;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;; ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;; along with this program. If not, see . ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; VARIABLES ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; globals [ ;;; modified parameters intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF ;;; sets of agents that exists at the end of each run settledFarmingAgents stableHerdingAgents ;;; unlucky agents, their respective number of helpers and their intensity unluckyF farmingSupport farmingIntensity unluckyH herdingSupport herdingIntensity ;;; variables used in resolve_conflict index_of_opportunity ratio_of_intensities incentives_to_relinquish ;;; counters and final measures AREA dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind ] ;;; establishes the classes of agents and their variables breed [ farming_agents farming_agent ] breed [ herding_agents herder_agent ] farming_agents-own [ intensity independence ] herding_agents-own [ intensity independence ] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; SETUP ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup clear-all ;;; setup parameters depending on the type of experiment ifelse (random_exp? = true) [ set intGrowthF random-float farming_intrinsic_growth_rate set extGrowthF random-float farming_extrinsic_growth_rate set intgF random-float farming_integration set intGrowthH random-float herding_intrinsic_growth_rate set extGrowthH random-float herding_extrinsic_growth_rate set intgH random-float herding_integration set initH random init_herding set initF random init_farming set h_r_m_i ((1 + (random-float 10) ) / (1 + (random-float 10) )) ;; set a random value between 0.1 and 10 (around 1) ] [ set intGrowthF farming_intrinsic_growth_rate set extGrowthF farming_extrinsic_growth_rate set intgF farming_integration set intGrowthH herding_intrinsic_growth_rate set extGrowthH herding_extrinsic_growth_rate set intgH herding_integration set initH init_herding set initF init_farming set h_r_m_i herding_relative_max_intensity ] ;;; create agents according to the parameter setting (position is arbitrary and has no consequence) ask patch 0 0 [ sprout-herding_agents initH [ initialize-an-agent ] ] ask patch max-pxcor 0 [ sprout-farming_agents initF [ initialize-an-agent ] ] ;;; initialize visualization ask patches [ set pcolor yellow ] update_visualization set dilemmaEvents 0 ;reset dilemma_events counter set oasisDegressionEvents 0 ;reset oasis_degression_events counter reset-ticks end to initialize-an-agent set hidden? true ifelse (breed = farming_agents) [ set intensity random-float farming_max_intensity ] [ set intensity random-float (farming_max_intensity * h_r_m_i) ] set independence (random-float 1) end to go farming_expansion herding_expansion ;reset dilemma_events and oasis_degression_events counters set dilemmaEvents 0 set oasisDegressionEvents 0 check_competition update_visualization tick end to farming_expansion ;;; set of farming_agents currently present set settledFarmingAgents turtle-set farming_agents ;;; reset counters set farmingGrowth 0 set farmingDeterrence 0 ;;; Intrinsic growth ask settledFarmingAgents [ if ( random-float 1 <= intGrowthF ) [ hatch 1 set farmingGrowth farmingGrowth + 1 ] ] ;;; Extrinsic growth ask patch max-pxcor 0 [ sprout-farming_agents (round (extGrowthF * ( (count patches) - (count settledFarmingAgents) ) ) ) [ initialize-an-agent set farmingGrowth farmingGrowth + 1 ] ] let notSettledFarmingAgents farming_agents with [not member? self settledFarmingAgents] ;;; Fit-to-maximum exclusion ask notSettledFarmingAgents [ ;new farming_agents exit the territory in a random order whenever there is no more land to use if (count farming_agents > count patches) [ set farmingDeterrence farmingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] ;;; Density-dependent exclusion ask notSettledFarmingAgents [ ;new farming_agents exit the territory with a probability proportional to the density of land currently used for agriculture (i.e. proxy of the quality of the remaining land) if (random-float 1 < ((count farming_agents) / (count patches) ) ) [ set farmingDeterrence farmingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] ;;; Volition-opportunity exclusion ask notSettledFarmingAgents [ ;;; if the territory is saturated... if (count patches - count herding_agents < count farming_agents) [ initialize-an-agent ;;; if its not possible to extend farming over herding of another group if ( ( (count herding_agents) / (count patches) ) > independence) [ set farmingDeterrence farmingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] ] end to herding_expansion ;;; set of herding_agents currently present set stableHerdingAgents turtle-set herding_agents ;;; reset counters set herdingGrowth 0 set herdingDeterrence 0 ;;; Intrinsic growth ask stableHerdingAgents [ if ( random-float 1 <= intGrowthH ) [ hatch 1 set herdingGrowth herdingGrowth + 1 ] ] ;;; Extrinsic growth ask patch 0 0 [ sprout-herding_agents (round (extGrowthH * ( (count patches) - (count stableHerdingAgents) ) ) ) [ initialize-an-agent set herdingGrowth herdingGrowth + 1 ] ] let notStableHerdingAgents herding_agents with [not member? self stableHerdingAgents] ;;; Fit-to-maximum exclusion ask notStableHerdingAgents [ ;new herding_agents exit the territory in a random order whenever there is no more land to use if (count herding_agents > count patches) [ set herdingDeterrence herdingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] ;;; Density-dependent exclusion ask notStableHerdingAgents [ ;new herding_agents exit the territory with a probability proportional to the density of pastures currently in use (i.e. proxy of the quality of the remaining land) if (random-float 1 < ( (count herding_agents) / (count patches) ) ) [ set herdingDeterrence herdingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] end to check_competition if ((count patches) - (count farming_agents) < count herding_agents) [ resolve_competition ] end to resolve_competition ;;; set competition conditions ;;;;; select one farming agent and its supporters, calculate the intensity of the farming land use involved in a land use unit set unluckyF one-of farming_agents set farmingSupport round (intgF * ((count farming_agents) - 1)) let p 0 if (farmingSupport > 0) [ set p sum [intensity] of n-of farmingSupport farming_agents with [self != unluckyF] ] set farmingIntensity ([intensity] of unluckyF + p ) ;;;;; select one herding agent and its supporters, calculate the intensity of the herding land use to be involved in the same land use unit set unluckyH one-of herding_agents set herdingSupport round (intgH * ((count herding_agents) - 1)) let q 0 if (herdingSupport > 0) [ set q sum [intensity] of n-of herdingSupport herding_agents with [self != unluckyH] ] set herdingIntensity ([intensity] of unluckyH + q ) ;;;;; calculate the ratio of intensities, the index of opportunity and the incentives for relinquish, all taken from the perspective of herding land use set ratio_of_intensities (herdingIntensity /(farmingIntensity + herdingIntensity)) set index_of_opportunity ((count farming_agents) / (count patches)) set incentives_to_relinquish (1 - (ratio_of_intensities * index_of_opportunity)) ;;; resolve the competitive situation ask unluckyH [ ;;; Does the competitive situation evolves into a dilemma event? ifelse ( independence < incentives_to_relinquish) ;;; No. The herding agent exit the territory. [ set herdingDeterrence herdingDeterrence + 1 die ] ;;; Yes. A dilemma event is produced for there are two variants to be realized in a single land use unit. [ set dilemmaEvents (dilemmaEvents + 1) ;;; Does the dilemma event evolves into a oasis degression event? ifelse (random-float 1 < ratio_of_intensities) ;;; Yes. The unlucky farming agent exits the territory. [ ask unluckyF [ set farmingDeterrence farmingDeterrence + 1 die ] set oasisDegressionEvents (oasisDegressionEvents + 1) ] ;;; No. The unlucky herding agent exits the territory. [ set herdingDeterrence herdingDeterrence + 1 die ] ] ] ;;; re-check the presence of competitive situations check_competition end to update_visualization update_patches set AREA count patches set farmingBalance (farmingGrowth - farmingDeterrence) set herdingBalance (herdingGrowth - herdingDeterrence) ifelse (dilemmaEvents > 0) [ set herdingSuccessRatio (oasisDegressionEvents / dilemmaEvents) ] [ set herdingSuccessRatio 0 ] set farming_histo_intensity_0_025 (count farming_agents with [intensity <= ( 0.25 * farming_max_intensity)]) set farming_histo_intensity_025_05 (count farming_agents with [intensity <= ( 0.5 * farming_max_intensity)]) set farming_histo_intensity_025_05 (farming_histo_intensity_025_05 - farming_histo_intensity_0_025) set farming_histo_intensity_05_075 (count farming_agents with [intensity <= ( 0.75 * farming_max_intensity)]) set farming_histo_intensity_05_075 (farming_histo_intensity_05_075 - farming_histo_intensity_0_025 - farming_histo_intensity_025_05) set farming_histo_intensity_075_1 ((count farming_agents) - farming_histo_intensity_0_025 - farming_histo_intensity_025_05 - farming_histo_intensity_05_075) ifelse (count farming_agents > 0) [ set mean_fint ((farming_histo_intensity_0_025 * 1 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_intensity_025_05 * 2 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_intensity_05_075 * 3 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_intensity_075_1 * 4 / (count farming_agents))) ] [ set mean_fint 0 ] set farming_histo_independence_0_025 (count farming_agents with [independence <= 0.25]) set farming_histo_independence_025_05 (count farming_agents with [independence <= 0.5]) set farming_histo_independence_025_05 (farming_histo_independence_025_05 - farming_histo_independence_0_025) set farming_histo_independence_05_075 (count farming_agents with [independence <= 0.75]) set farming_histo_independence_05_075 (farming_histo_independence_05_075 - farming_histo_independence_0_025 - farming_histo_independence_025_05) set farming_histo_independence_075_1 ((count farming_agents) - farming_histo_independence_0_025 - farming_histo_independence_025_05 - farming_histo_independence_05_075) ifelse (count farming_agents > 0) [ set mean_find ((farming_histo_independence_0_025 * 1 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_independence_025_05 * 2 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_independence_05_075 * 3 / (count farming_agents)) + (farming_histo_independence_075_1 * 4 / (count farming_agents))) ] [ set mean_find 0 ] set herding_histo_intensity_0_025 (count herding_agents with [intensity <= (0.25 * (h_r_m_i * farming_max_intensity))]) set herding_histo_intensity_025_05 (count herding_agents with [intensity <= (0.5 * (h_r_m_i * farming_max_intensity))]) set herding_histo_intensity_025_05 (herding_histo_intensity_025_05 - herding_histo_intensity_0_025) set herding_histo_intensity_05_075 (count herding_agents with [intensity <= (0.75 * (h_r_m_i * farming_max_intensity))]) set herding_histo_intensity_05_075 (herding_histo_intensity_05_075 - herding_histo_intensity_0_025 - herding_histo_intensity_025_05) set herding_histo_intensity_075_1 ((count herding_agents) - herding_histo_intensity_0_025 - herding_histo_intensity_025_05 - herding_histo_intensity_05_075) ifelse (count herding_agents > 0) [ set mean_hint ((herding_histo_intensity_0_025 * 1 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_intensity_025_05 * 2 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_intensity_05_075 * 3 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_intensity_075_1 * 4 / (count herding_agents))) ] [ set mean_hint 0 ] set herding_histo_independence_0_025 (count herding_agents with [independence <= 0.25]) set herding_histo_independence_025_05 (count herding_agents with [independence <= 0.5]) set herding_histo_independence_025_05 (herding_histo_independence_025_05 - herding_histo_independence_0_025) set herding_histo_independence_05_075 (count herding_agents with [independence <= 0.75]) set herding_histo_independence_05_075 (herding_histo_independence_05_075 - herding_histo_independence_0_025 - herding_histo_independence_025_05) set herding_histo_independence_075_1 ((count herding_agents) - herding_histo_independence_0_025 - herding_histo_independence_025_05 - herding_histo_independence_05_075) ifelse (count herding_agents > 0) [ set mean_hind ((herding_histo_independence_0_025 * 1 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_independence_025_05 * 2 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_independence_05_075 * 3 / (count herding_agents)) + (herding_histo_independence_075_1 * 4 / (count herding_agents))) ] [ set mean_hind 0 ] end to update_patches ifelse ( count farming_agents > (count patches with [pcolor = green]) ) [ let to-paint (count farming_agents - (count patches with [pcolor = green])) repeat to-paint [ ifelse (count patches with [pcolor = green] < (max-pycor + 1) ) [ ask one-of patches with [pxcor = max-pxcor] [ set pcolor green] ] [ ask one-of patches with [(pcolor = yellow) and (count neighbors with [pcolor = green] > 2)] [ set pcolor green ] ] ] ] [ let to-paint ((count patches with [pcolor = green]) - count farming_agents) repeat to-paint [ ifelse (any? patches with [(pcolor = green) and (count neighbors with [pcolor = yellow] > 2)]) [ ask one-of patches with [(pcolor = green) and (count neighbors with [pcolor = yellow] > 2)] [ set pcolor yellow ] ] [ ask one-of patches with [pxcor = min-pxcor] [set pcolor yellow] ] ] ] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 750 10 1310 151 -1 -1 5.5 1 10 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 99 0 19 0 0 1 ticks 30.0 BUTTON 14 10 77 43 NIL setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 89 11 152 44 NIL go NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 162 12 225 45 NIL go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 SLIDER 12 151 237 184 farming_intrinsic_growth_rate farming_intrinsic_growth_rate 0 0.1 0.04 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 12 334 237 367 herding_relative_max_intensity herding_relative_max_intensity 0.1 10 1 0.1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 288 10 745 160 land use years cells 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "herding" 1.0 0 -1184463 true "plot (count herding_agents)" "plot (count herding_agents)" "farming" 1.0 0 -13840069 true "plot (count farming_agents)" "plot (count farming_agents)" PLOT 1008 170 1237 290 herding independence NIL frequency 0.0 200.0 0.0 200.0 false false "set-plot-x-range 0 1" "set-plot-y-range -0.01 (count herding_agents)" PENS "independence" 1.0 1 -16777216 true "histogram [independence] of herding_agents\nset-histogram-num-bars 10" "histogram [independence] of herding_agents" PLOT 288 161 745 355 events years events 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "dilemma events" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot dilemmaEvents" "oasis degression events" 1.0 0 -5825686 true "" "plot oasisDegressionEvents" SLIDER 12 264 238 297 herding_extrinsic_growth_rate herding_extrinsic_growth_rate 0 1 0 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 12 386 237 419 farming_integration farming_integration 0 1 0 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 12 419 237 452 herding_integration herding_integration 0 1 0 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 12 184 237 217 farming_extrinsic_growth_rate farming_extrinsic_growth_rate 0 1 0 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 12 231 237 264 herding_intrinsic_growth_rate herding_intrinsic_growth_rate 0 0.1 0.04 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 1008 293 1236 413 farming independence NIL frequency 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "set-plot-x-range 0 1" "set-plot-y-range -0.01 (count farming_agents)" PENS "independence" 1.0 1 -16777216 true "histogram [independence] of farming_agents\nset-histogram-num-bars 10" "histogram [independence] of farming_agents" SLIDER 12 301 238 334 farming_max_intensity farming_max_intensity 0 100 100 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 762 171 922 291 herding intensity NIL frequency 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 false false "set-plot-x-range 0 (farming_max_intensity * h_r_m_i)\nset-histogram-num-bars 10" "set-plot-y-range -0.01 (count herding_agents)" PENS "default" 1.0 1 -2674135 true "histogram [intensity] of herding_agents" "histogram [intensity] of herding_agents" PLOT 762 293 922 413 farming intensity NIL frequency 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 false false "set-plot-x-range 0 farming_max_intensity\nset-histogram-num-bars 10" "set-plot-y-range -0.01 (count farming_agents)" PENS "default" 1.0 1 -955883 true "histogram [intensity] of farming_agents" "histogram [intensity] of farming_agents" PLOT 288 356 745 510 balance NIL NIL 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true true "" "" PENS "farming agents" 1.0 0 -13791810 true "" "plot farmingBalance" "herding agents" 1.0 0 -10873583 true "" "plot herdingBalance" "0" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot 0" INPUTBOX 13 84 121 144 init_farming 100 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 118 84 227 144 init_herding 100 1 0 Number SWITCH 56 51 187 84 random_exp? random_exp? 1 1 -1000 MONITOR 237 147 304 184 NIL intGrowthF 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 184 307 221 NIL extGrowthF 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 227 306 264 NIL intGrowthH 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 263 308 300 NIL extGrowthH 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 332 287 369 NIL h_r_m_i 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 381 287 418 NIL intgF 4 1 9 MONITOR 237 418 287 455 NIL intgH 4 1 9 MONITOR 688 105 745 142 patches count patches 0 1 9 MONITOR 614 296 722 333 herding success rate herdingSuccessRatio 4 1 9 MONITOR 749 434 841 471 NIL farmingGrowth 2 1 9 MONITOR 845 434 946 471 NIL farmingDeterrence 2 1 9 MONITOR 749 473 841 510 NIL herdingGrowth 2 1 9 MONITOR 846 473 946 510 NIL herdingDeterrence 2 1 9 MONITOR 688 68 738 105 farming (count farming_agents) 0 1 9 MONITOR 926 206 1005 243 Index of selection mean_hint 2 1 9 MONITOR 924 334 1003 371 Index of selection mean_fint 2 1 9 MONITOR 1237 208 1319 245 Index of selection mean_hind 2 1 9 MONITOR 1237 331 1320 368 Index of selection mean_find 2 1 9 MONITOR 613 215 702 252 dilemma events dilemmaEvents 0 1 9 MONITOR 613 256 738 293 oasis degression events oasisDegressionEvents 0 1 9 MONITOR 939 434 1029 471 NIL farmingBalance 2 1 9 MONITOR 939 473 1029 510 NIL herdingBalance 2 1 9 @#$#@#$#@ ## Information This Agent-Based model intends to explore the conditions for the emergence and change of land use patterns in Central Asian oases and similar contexts. Land use pattern is conceptualized as the proportion between the area used for mobile livestock breeding (herding) and sedentary agriculture (farming), the main forms of livelihood from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution. We assume that these different forms of land use interact in recurrent competitive situations, given that the land useful for both activities at the same time is limited and there is a pressure to increase both land uses, due to demographic and/or economic growth. Further information can be found in the ODD protocol and the following publication: Angourakis et al. (2014) Land Use Patterns in Central Asia. Step 1: The Musical Chairs Model. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Speacial Issue on Computer Simulation. @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 89 198 75 225 75 255 105 270 135 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 139 148 100 105 55 90 25 90 10 105 10 135 25 180 40 195 85 194 139 163 Polygon -7500403 true true 162 150 200 105 245 90 275 90 290 105 290 135 275 180 260 195 215 195 162 165 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 135 225 120 150 135 120 150 105 165 120 180 150 165 225 Circle -16777216 true false 135 90 30 Line -16777216 false 150 105 195 60 Line -16777216 false 150 105 105 60 car false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 300 180 279 164 261 144 240 135 226 132 213 106 203 84 185 63 159 50 135 50 75 60 0 150 0 165 0 225 300 225 300 180 Circle -16777216 true false 180 180 90 Circle -16777216 true false 30 180 90 Polygon -16777216 true false 162 80 132 78 134 135 209 135 194 105 189 96 180 89 Circle -7500403 true true 47 195 58 Circle -7500403 true true 195 195 58 circle false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 circle 2 false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 cow false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 200 193 197 249 179 249 177 196 166 187 140 189 93 191 78 179 72 211 49 209 48 181 37 149 25 120 25 89 45 72 103 84 179 75 198 76 252 64 272 81 293 103 285 121 255 121 242 118 224 167 Polygon -7500403 true true 73 210 86 251 62 249 48 208 Polygon -7500403 true true 25 114 16 195 9 204 23 213 25 200 39 123 cylinder false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 dot false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 90 90 120 face happy false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 90 239 62 213 47 191 67 179 90 203 109 218 150 225 192 218 210 203 227 181 251 194 236 217 212 240 face neutral false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 7 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 195 240 225 face sad false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 168 90 184 62 210 47 232 67 244 90 220 109 205 150 198 192 205 210 220 227 242 251 229 236 206 212 183 fish false 0 Polygon -1 true false 44 131 21 87 15 86 0 120 15 150 0 180 13 214 20 212 45 166 Polygon -1 true false 135 195 119 235 95 218 76 210 46 204 60 165 Polygon -1 true false 75 45 83 77 71 103 86 114 166 78 135 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 136 151 77 226 81 280 119 292 146 292 160 287 170 270 195 195 210 151 212 30 166 Circle -16777216 true false 215 106 30 flag false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 60 15 75 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 90 150 270 90 90 30 Line -7500403 true 75 135 90 135 Line -7500403 true 75 45 90 45 flower false 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 135 120 165 165 180 210 180 240 150 300 165 300 195 240 195 195 165 135 Circle -7500403 true true 85 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 147 38 Circle -7500403 true true 192 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 85 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 70 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 25 38 Circle -7500403 true true 96 51 108 Circle -16777216 true false 113 68 74 Polygon -10899396 true false 189 233 219 188 249 173 279 188 234 218 Polygon -10899396 true false 180 255 150 210 105 210 75 240 135 240 house false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 45 120 255 285 Rectangle -16777216 true false 120 210 180 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 120 150 15 285 120 Line -16777216 false 30 120 270 120 leaf false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 210 135 195 120 210 60 210 30 195 60 180 60 165 15 135 30 120 15 105 40 104 45 90 60 90 90 105 105 120 120 120 105 60 120 60 135 30 150 15 165 30 180 60 195 60 180 120 195 120 210 105 240 90 255 90 263 104 285 105 270 120 285 135 240 165 240 180 270 195 240 210 180 210 165 195 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 195 135 240 120 255 105 255 105 285 135 285 165 240 165 195 line true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 line half true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 150 pentagon false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 15 15 120 60 285 240 285 285 120 person false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 110 5 80 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 225 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 195 90 Rectangle -7500403 true true 127 79 172 94 Polygon -7500403 true true 195 90 240 150 225 180 165 105 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 60 150 75 180 135 105 plant false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 135 90 165 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90 sheep false 15 Circle -1 true true 203 65 88 Circle -1 true true 70 65 162 Circle -1 true true 150 105 120 Polygon -7500403 true false 218 120 240 165 255 165 278 120 Circle -7500403 true false 214 72 67 Rectangle -1 true true 164 223 179 298 Polygon -1 true true 45 285 30 285 30 240 15 195 45 210 Circle -1 true true 3 83 150 Rectangle -1 true true 65 221 80 296 Polygon -1 true true 195 285 210 285 210 240 240 210 195 210 Polygon -7500403 true false 276 85 285 105 302 99 294 83 Polygon -7500403 true false 219 85 210 105 193 99 201 83 square false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 square 2 false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240 star false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108 target false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180 Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 tree false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94 Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300 Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108 Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127 Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152 triangle false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 triangle 2 false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224 truck false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187 Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194 Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105 Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112 Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42 Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194 Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42 Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42 turtle true 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210 Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87 Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99 wheel false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15 Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269 Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221 Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79 Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269 wolf false 0 Polygon -16777216 true false 253 133 245 131 245 133 Polygon -7500403 true true 2 194 13 197 30 191 38 193 38 205 20 226 20 257 27 265 38 266 40 260 31 253 31 230 60 206 68 198 75 209 66 228 65 243 82 261 84 268 100 267 103 261 77 239 79 231 100 207 98 196 119 201 143 202 160 195 166 210 172 213 173 238 167 251 160 248 154 265 169 264 178 247 186 240 198 260 200 271 217 271 219 262 207 258 195 230 192 198 210 184 227 164 242 144 259 145 284 151 277 141 293 140 299 134 297 127 273 119 270 105 Polygon -7500403 true true -1 195 14 180 36 166 40 153 53 140 82 131 134 133 159 126 188 115 227 108 236 102 238 98 268 86 269 92 281 87 269 103 269 113 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 5.2.0 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind setup go intGrowthF intGrowthH extGrowthF extGrowthH initH initF h_r_m_i intgH intgF AREA count farmers count herders dilemmaEvents oasisDegressionEvents herdingSuccessRatio farmingGrowth farmingDeterrence herdingGrowth herdingDeterrence farmingBalance herdingBalance farming_histo_intensity_0_025 farming_histo_intensity_025_05 farming_histo_intensity_05_075 farming_histo_intensity_075_1 farming_histo_independence_0_025 farming_histo_independence_025_05 farming_histo_independence_05_075 farming_histo_independence_075_1 herding_histo_intensity_0_025 herding_histo_intensity_025_05 herding_histo_intensity_05_075 herding_histo_intensity_075_1 herding_histo_independence_0_025 herding_histo_independence_025_05 herding_histo_independence_05_075 herding_histo_independence_075_1 mean_fint mean_find mean_hint mean_hind @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@ 0 @#$#@#$#@