globals [ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;control parameters that are available on Interface tab ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;rs - the random seed of simulation ;1)EfficiencyProcessingFood - the efficiency of food processing (renew) ;2)EfficiencyProcessingWater - the efficiency of water processing (renew) ;3)EfficiencyProcessingWind - the efficiency of wind processing (renew) ;4)EfficiencyProcessingSun - the efficiency of sun processing (renew) ;5)EfficiencyProcessingTides - the efficiency of tides processing (renew) ;6)EfficiencyProcessingGeoHeat - the efficiency of processing geothermal heat ;7)EfficiencyProcessingCoal - the efficiency of coal processing ;8)EfficiencyProcessingOil - the efficiency of oil processing ;9)EfficiencyProcessingGas - the efficiency of gas processing ;10)EfficiencyProcessingUranium - the efficiency of uranium processing ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;parameters ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; StopYear ; the year when the simulation is stopped (parameter) MaxVision ; maximum possible vision for turtles (parameter) NoFemale ; the initial number of female turtles (parameter) NoMale ; the initial number of male turtles (parameter) LifeExpectancyMax ; maximum life expectancy (parameter) LifeExpectancyMin ; minimum life expectancy (parameter) AgeSexualActive ; the age when the sexual life starts (parameter) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;variables ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; NoTurtles ; the number of turtles (variable) Women ; the number of female turtles (variable) Men ; the number of male turtles (variable) MeanEnergy ; the mean of energy (variable) AvgVisionLow ; the average vision of low class (variable) AvgVisionMedium ; the average vision of medium class (variable) AvgVisionHigh ; the average vision of high class (variable) WealthLow ; the wealth of low class (variable) WealthMedium ; the wealth of medium class (variable) WealthHigh ; the wealth of high class (variable) Low ; the number of low class people (variable) Medium ; the number of medium class people (variable) High ; the number of high class people (variable) ] patches-own [ ResFood ; keeps the value of food resources ResWater ; keeps the value of water resources ResWind ; keeps the value of wind resources ResSun ; keeps the value of sun resources ResTides ; keeps the value of tides resources ResGeothermalHeat ; keeps the value of geothermal heat resources ResCoal ; keeps the value of coal resources ResOil ; keeps the value of oil resources ResGas ; keeps the value of gas resources ResUranium ; keeps the value of uranium resources ] turtles-own [ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; parameters ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; LifeExpectancy ; maximum age that a turtle can reach Vision ; how many patches ahead a turtle can see ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; variables IdMother ; keeps the identification number of the mother IdFather ; keeps the identification number of the father Energy ; keeps the value of energy processed from resources Age ; age in years for every turtle WomanEngaged? ; used to prevent two males from engaging the same female IdHusband ; the identification number of the husband ManEngaged? ; used to prevent two females from engaging the same male IdWife ; the identification number of the wife WealthFood ; the quantity of food owned WealthEnergy ; the quantity of energy owned WealthWater ; the quantity of water owned GlobalWealth ; the global wealth Pregnant? ; has two possible values false for non pregnant woman and true otherwise PregnancyDuration ; the value of pregnancy duration SocialClass ; the value of social class: low, middle and high ] to Setup ca set StopYear 1000 set NoFemale 5 set NoMale 5 set MaxVision 15 set LifeExpectancyMax 80 set LifeExpectancyMin 30 set AgeSexualActive 20 random-seed rs ;; sets the random seed to a certain value in order that computational experiments to be reproductible PatchesCreation TurtlesCreation UpdateSocialClass set NoTurtles count turtles set Women count turtles with [shape = "woman"] set Men count turtles with [shape = "man"] set MeanEnergy mean [Energy] of turtles end to Go tick GrowResource if count turtles = 0 [ stop] ask turtles [FindResources ConsumeAgeDie] ask turtles with [shape = "man"] [if (ManEngaged? = false and Age >= AgeSexualActive) [ FindWomen ]] ask turtles with [shape = "man" and ManEngaged? = true] [DoSex] UpdateSocialClass if-else count turtles != 0 [set NoTurtles count turtles set MeanEnergy mean [Energy] of turtles set Women count turtles with [shape = "woman"] set Men count turtles with [shape = "man"]] [stop] if ticks = StopYear [stop] end to PatchesCreation ask patches [set ResFood random 10 set ResWater random 10 set ResWind random 10 set ResSun random 10 set ResTides random 10 set ResGeothermalHeat random 10 set ResCoal random 100 set ResOil random 100 set ResGas random 100 set ResGas random 100] end to TurtlesCreation crt NoFemale [set shape "woman" set color pink set IdMother false set IdFather false set Age 20 set WomanEngaged? false set IdHusband false set Energy 10 set LifeExpectancy 1 + LifeExpectancyMin + random (LifeExpectancyMax - LifeExpectancyMin) set Vision 1 + random MaxVision set size 1 set Pregnant? false set PregnancyDuration false setxy 0 0] crt NoMale [set IdMother false set IdFather false set shape "man" set Age 20 set ManEngaged? false set IdWife false set Energy 10 set LifeExpectancy 1 + LifeExpectancyMin + random (LifeExpectancyMax - LifeExpectancyMin) set color red set size 1 set Vision 1 + random MaxVision setxy 0 0] end to FindResources let Resource 0 set heading random 360 repeat Vision [fd 1 set Energy Energy + (ResFood * EfficiencyProcessingFood + ResWater * EfficiencyProcessingWater + ResWind * EfficiencyProcessingWind + ResSun * EfficiencyProcessingSun + ResTides * EfficiencyProcessingTides + ResGeothermalHeat * EfficiencyProcessingGeoHeat + ResCoal * EfficiencyProcessingCoal + ResOil * EfficiencyProcessingOil + ResGas * EfficiencyProcessingGas + ResUranium * EfficiencyProcessingUranium) / count turtles-here set ResWater 0 set ResFood 0 set ResWind 0 set ResSun 0 set ResTides 0 set ResGeoThermalHeat 0 set ResCoal 0 set ResOil 0 set ResGas 0 set ResUranium 0 ] end to FindWomen let Engage one-of turtles with [shape = "woman" and WomanEngaged? = false and Age >= AgeSexualActive] if Engage != nobody [set [WomanEngaged?] of Engage true set ManEngaged? true set IdWife [who] of Engage set [IdHusband] of Engage who] end to DoSex let Sex random 3 if Sex = 1 or Sex = 2 [let WhoMale who ask turtles with [shape = "woman" and IdHusband = WhoMale and Pregnant? = false] [set Pregnant? Sex set PregnancyDuration 0]] end to GrowResource ask patches [set ResFood (ResFood + random 10) set ResWater (ResWater + random 10) set ResWind (ResWind + random 10) set ResSun (ResSun + random 10) set ResTides (ResTides + random 10) set ResGeothermalHeat (ResGeothermalHeat + random 10)] end to ConsumeAgeDie if-else Energy >= 1 [set Energy Energy - 1] [InheritTurtle die] set Age Age + 1 if shape = "woman" [if Pregnant? != false [Pregnancy]] if Age >= LifeExpectancy [InheritTurtle die] end to InheritTurtle let InheritEnergy 0 let NoInheriters CountInheritors who if NoInheriters > 0 [set InheritEnergy Energy / NoInheriters] let InheritAction false if NoInheriters > 0 [set InheritAction InheritOfTurtle who InheritEnergy] if-else InheritAction = true [] [let ENG Energy ask one-of turtles [set Energy Energy + ENG]] end to-report CountInheritors [a] let total 0 ask turtles with [IdFather = a or IdMother = a] [if IdFather = a or IdMother = a [set Total Total + 1 ]] report Total end to-report InheritOfTurtle [a b] let Answer false ask turtles with [IdFather = a or IdMother = a] [set Energy WealthWater + b set Answer true] report Answer end to Pregnancy set PregnancyDuration PregnancyDuration + 1 if PregnancyDuration >= 1 [let Sex Pregnant? set Pregnant? false set PregnancyDuration false let Mother who let EnergyMother Energy set Energy Energy * 9 / 10 let VisionMother Vision let Father false let EnergyFather 0 let VisionFather 0 ask turtles with [shape = "man" and IdWife = Mother] [set Father who set EnergyFather Energy set Energy Energy * 9 / 10 set VisionFather Vision] if Sex = 1 [hatch 1 [set shape "woman" set size 1 set color pink set IdMother Mother set IdFather Father set Age 0 set WomanEngaged? false set IdHusband false set Energy (EnergyMother + EnergyFather) / 10 set LifeExpectancy 1 + LifeExpectancyMin + random (LifeExpectancyMax - LifeExpectancyMin) set Vision 1 + random MaxVision set Pregnant? false set PregnancyDuration false]] if sex = 2 [hatch 1 [set shape "man" set size 1 set IdMother Mother set IdFather Father set color red set Age 0 set ManEngaged? false set IdWife false set Energy (EnergyMother + EnergyFather) / 10 set LifeExpectancy 1 + LifeExpectancyMin + random (LifeExpectancyMax - LifeExpectancyMin) set Vision 1 + random MaxVision]]] end to UpdateSocialClass if count turtles = 0 [stop] let MaxWealth max [Energy] of turtles ask turtles [ifelse (Energy <= MaxWealth / 3) [set SocialClass "low" ] [ifelse (Energy <= (MaxWealth * 2 / 3)) [set SocialClass "medium" ] [set SocialClass "high"]]] set Low count turtles with [SocialClass = "low"] set Medium count turtles with [SocialClass = "medium"] set High count turtles with [SocialClass = "high"] if Low != 0 [set AvgVisionLow mean [vision] of turtles with [SocialClass = "low"] set WealthLow mean [Energy] of turtles with [SocialClass = "low"]] if Medium != 0 [set AvgVisionMedium mean [vision] of turtles with [SocialClass = "medium"] set WealthMedium mean [Energy] of turtles with [SocialClass = "medium"]] if High != 0 [set AvgVisionHigh mean [vision] of turtles with [SocialClass = "high"] set WealthHigh mean [Energy] of turtles with [SocialClass = "high"]] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 496 14 842 381 10 10 16.0 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -10 10 -10 10 1 1 1 ticks CC-WINDOW 5 464 851 559 Command Center 0 BUTTON 5 17 76 50 Setup Setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL BUTTON 84 17 151 50 Go Go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL MONITOR 498 393 585 438 Year ticks 0 1 11 MONITOR 667 394 724 439 Women Women 3 1 11 MONITOR 732 394 789 439 Men Men 3 1 11 MONITOR 177 198 298 243 MeanEnergy MeanEnergy 1 1 11 MONITOR 178 47 235 92 Low Low 3 1 11 MONITOR 178 96 228 141 Medium Medium 3 1 11 MONITOR 178 144 235 189 High High 3 1 11 SLIDER 5 70 169 103 rs rs -2 2 -2 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 240 46 328 91 NIL AvgVisionLow 1 1 11 MONITOR 235 96 343 141 NIL AvgVisionMedium 1 1 11 MONITOR 238 144 328 189 NIL AvgVisionHigh 1 1 11 MONITOR 334 44 408 89 NIL WealthLow 1 1 11 MONITOR 346 96 440 141 NIL WealthMedium 1 1 11 MONITOR 333 144 410 189 NIL WealthHigh 1 1 11 MONITOR 594 394 660 439 NIL NoTurtles 0 1 11 SLIDER 7 264 40 429 EfficiencyProcessingFood EfficiencyProcessingFood 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 53 260 86 429 EfficiencyProcessingWater EfficiencyProcessingWater 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 103 265 136 430 EfficiencyProcessingWind EfficiencyProcessingWind 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 150 266 183 425 EfficiencyProcessingSun EfficiencyProcessingSun 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 201 267 234 433 EfficiencyProcessingTides EfficiencyProcessingTides 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 249 267 282 450 EfficiencyProcessingGeoHeat EfficiencyProcessingGeoHeat 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 333 266 366 430 EfficiencyProcessingOil EfficiencyProcessingOil 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 380 268 413 427 EfficiencyProcessingGas EfficiencyProcessingGas 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 289 268 322 431 EfficiencyProcessingCoal EfficiencyProcessingCoal 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL SLIDER 425 269 458 449 EfficiencyProcessingUranium EfficiencyProcessingUranium 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1 NIL VERTICAL @#$#@#$#@ WHAT IS IT? ----------- This model WealthDistribRes can be used to study the distribution of wealth in function of using a combination of resources classified in two renewable and nonrenewable. This agent-based computational model created in NetLogo 4.0.5 has the following fundamental characteristics: (i) the turtles are of two types: female and male; (ii) these turtles have a limited life expectancy determined by the parameters LifeExpectancyMax (maximum life expectancy) and LifeExpectancyMin (minimum life expectancy); (iii) patches stores a certain amount of water ResWater?0, a certain amount of food ResFood?0, a certain amount of coal ResCoal?0, a certain amount of oil ResOil?0, a certain amount of gas ResGas?0, a certain amount of uranium ResUranium?0, a certain amount of wind ResWind?0, a certain amount of sun ResSun?0, a certain amount of tides ResTides ?0, and a certain amount of geothermal heat ResGeothermalHeat?0; all these resources are converted in energy; these ten resources are divided in two: the first type are renewable resources and here are included water, food, wind, geothermal heat, tides and sun resources that are replenished on every simulation step; the second type are nonrenewable resources (coal, oil, gas, uranium); (iv) a male and female turtle can create a couple, and a number of children; (v) the children can inherit the wealth of their parents; (vi) the needs of every turtle are 1 of energy per one year processed from the available resources found on the patches; (vii) if these basic needs are not fulfilled then the respective turtle dies. HOW IT WORKS ------------ The model has the following buttons: - - that declare and setup parameters, initial variables, agents and patches - - Start the simulation and stop the simulation when 1000 simulation steps passed or there are no agents; - - set the random seed in the interval {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}. In addition, the interface tab has the following monitors: - Low - the number of turtles of low social class; - Medium - the number of turtles of medium social class; - High - the number of turtles of high social class; - AvgVisionLow - the average vision of low class; - AvgVisionMedium - the average vision of medium class; - AvgVisionHigh - the average vision of high class; - WealthLow - the average wealth of low class; - WealthMedium - the average wealth of medium class; - WealthHigh - the average wealth of high class. The user can modify the following sliders that set the efficiency of processing resources: EfficiencyProcessingFood, EfficiencyProcessingWater, EfficiencyProcessingWind, EfficiencyProcessingSun, EfficiencyProcessingTides, EfficiencyProcessingGeoHeat, EfficiencyProcessingCoal, EfficiencyProcessingOil, EfficiencyProcessingGas, and EfficiencyProcessingUranium. REFFERENCES ----------- 1) Romulus-Catalin Damaceanu, The exchange rate regime and the international trade, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010; 2) Romulus-Catalin Damaceanu, An agent based computational study of wealth distribution in function of resource growth interval using NetLogo, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 201-1/2008, p. 371-377 @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 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165 90 165 105 150 165 135 90 105 90 Circle -7500403 true false 105 0 90 Rectangle -7500403 true false 127 79 172 94 Polygon -13345367 true true 120 90 120 180 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 300 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 180 90 172 89 165 165 135 165 127 90 Polygon -1184463 true false 116 4 113 21 75 90 135 90 120 45 135 15 150 15 180 26 180 90 240 90 210 45 195 15 167 0 Line -16777216 false 225 90 270 90 Line -16777216 false 225 15 225 90 Line -16777216 false 270 15 270 90 Line -16777216 false 247 15 247 90 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 4.0.5 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@