; patch choice model from optimal foraging theory
; by Michael Barton, Arizona State University

breed [foragers forager]
breed [animals animal]

foragers-own [energy diet-breadth]
animals-own [species food-value processing-costs rank]
patches-own [ptimer]
globals [rank-list prey-list diversity]

to Setup
  clear-all
  Setup_Animals
  Setup_Foragers
  Setup_Patches
end

to Go
  ask foragers [
    Move
    set energy energy - 1
    Forage
    Calculate-Diversity
    Check-Death
    ]
    
  ask animals [
    Move
    ;;Reproduce
    ]
    
  ask patches [Patch_Color]
  
  Do_Plots
  tick
  if not any? foragers [stop] 
end

to Setup_Foragers
  create-foragers init-foragers
    [
    set shape "hunter"
    set size 2.5
    set color white
    set energy 100
    set prey-list [] ; rolling list of prey species taken
    ]
  ask foragers [setxy random-xcor random-ycor] ; place the foragers randomly in the world
end

to Setup_Animals
  ; Create 4 animal species with different processing costs, food values, birth rates, and initial population densities
  
  let total-density (density1 + density2 + density3 + density4)
  let number1 round (init-prey * density1 / total-density)
  let number2 round (init-prey * density2 / total-density)
  let number3 round (init-prey * density3 / total-density)
  let number4 round (init-prey * density4 / total-density)
    
  set rank-list (list (food-value1 - processing-cost1) (food-value2 - processing-cost2) 
    (food-value3 - processing-cost3) (food-value4 - processing-cost4))
    
  set rank-list sort-by [?1 > ?2] rank-list
  
  create-animals number1 [
    set species 1
    set shape "cow"
    set size 2
    set color brown
    set food-value food-value1
    set processing-costs processing-cost1
    set rank position (food-value1 - processing-cost1) rank-list + 1 
    ]
    
  create-animals number2 [
    set species 2
    set shape "rabbit"
    set size 1.5
    set color grey
    set food-value food-value2
    set processing-costs processing-cost2
    set rank position (food-value2 - processing-cost2) rank-list + 1 
    ]
    
  create-animals number3 [
    set species 3
    set shape "fish"
    set size 1.5
    set color blue
    set food-value food-value3
    set processing-costs processing-cost3
    set rank position (food-value3 - processing-cost3) rank-list + 1
    ]
    
  create-animals number4 [
    set species 4
    set shape "turtle"
    set size 1.5
    set color lime
    set food-value food-value4
    set processing-costs processing-cost4
    set rank position (food-value4 - processing-cost4) rank-list + 1
    ]
    
  ask animals [setxy random-xcor random-ycor] ; place the animals randomly in the world
    
end

to Setup_Patches
  ask patches [set ptimer 20]
end

to Move
  rt random 45
  lt random 45 
  fd 1
end

to Forage
  let prey one-of animals-here                  ;; seek a random animal
  if prey != nobody  [                          ;; did we get one?  If so,
    if (energy >= 85 and [rank] of prey = 1) or  ;; see how hungry we are and decide whether to take it
       (energy < 85 and energy >= 70 and [rank] of prey < 3) or
       (energy < 70 and energy >= 55 and [rank] of prey < 4) or
       (energy < 55)
        [ set [pcolor] of patch-here red
          set [ptimer] of patch-here 0
          set energy energy + [food-value] of prey  ;; get energy from eating animal
          set prey-list fput ([species] of prey) prey-list ; add prey-species to running list of prey taken
        ]
      ]
  while [length prey-list > 10] [set prey-list remove-item 10 prey-list] ; manage running list of prey taken              
end

to Patch_Color
  ifelse ptimer < 20 
    [set ptimer ptimer + 1]
    [if pcolor != black [set pcolor black]]
end

to Calculate-Diversity
  set diversity 0
  if member? 1 prey-list [set diversity diversity + 1]
  if member? 2 prey-list [set diversity diversity + 1]
  if member? 3 prey-list [set diversity diversity + 1]
  if member? 4 prey-list [set diversity diversity + 1]
end

to Do_Plots 
  set-current-plot "Prey Taken"
  set-current-plot-pen "species 1"
  plot length (filter [ ? = 1] prey-list)
  set-current-plot-pen "species 2"
  plot length (filter [ ? = 2] prey-list)
  set-current-plot-pen "species 3"
  plot length (filter [ ? = 3] prey-list)
  set-current-plot-pen "species 4"
  plot length (filter [ ? = 4] prey-list)
  set-current-plot "Forager Energy"
  set-current-plot-pen "fenergy"
  plot (sum [energy] of foragers)
end

to Check-Death
  ask foragers [if energy <= 0 [die]]
end
  
;; makes a movie of the model; stops after 500 cycles
;; and exports movie to a file
to make-movie

  ;; prompt user for movie location
  user-message "First, save your movie file (choose a name ending with .mov)"
  let path user-new-file
  if not is-string? path [ stop ]  ;; stop if user canceled

  ;; run the model
  setup
  movie-start path
  movie-grab-view
  while [ ticks < 500 ]
    [ go
      movie-grab-view ]

  ;; export the movie
  movie-close
  user-message (word "Exported movie to " path)
end


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Diet Breadth Model (Optimal Foraging Theory)
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@#$#@#$#@
OVERVIEW
-----------
This is an agent-based simulation of the classic "diet breadth model" of optimal foraging theory (see Foley 1985).

SIMULATION OPERATION
------------
SETUP: Initialize the number of foragers and total number of prey.  

FORAGERS: One or more foragers (<init-foragers> selected by the user) are placed randomly and given 100 energy units (eu's) to start with. Each forager begins to move in random directions; each cell moved costs the forager 1 energy unit. 

PREY: Prey (total determined by <init-prey>, selected by the user) are placed randomly and move randomly. Up to 4 distinct prey species can be defined. The user selects the relative density of the species, its food value (when consumed by a forager), and the costs to process the species before it can be eaten. Prey are ranked according to their net food value = gross food value - processing costs.

FORAGING: When a forager encounters prey, she/he decides whether to take it or continue searching for prey. If she/he is not very hungry (energy >= 85), she/he will only take the 1st ranked prey; if she/he is hungrier (energy 70-85), she/he will take 1st or 2nd order prey; if she/he is even hungrier (energy 55-70, she/he will take prey ranked 1st through 3rd; if she/he is very hungry (energy < 55), she/he will take any prey. On taking any prey, the forager received the net food value. A patch turns red briefly to mark when a prey is taken.

MONITORING DIET BREADTH: The species of any prey taken is added to the beginning of a running list of the 10 most recent prey taken; if the length of the list is over 10, the last prey on the list is removed. The number of different prey species in the list is monitored as diet breadth.

HOW TO USE IT
-------------
Set the options (see above). Press "setup". Then press "run".

THINGS TO TRY
----------------
Try changing the density of the 1st ranked species or of other species. What happens to diet diversity? Try changing the food values in each cell or the distance moved by each forger each cycle. The classic diet breadth model considers only one forager. What happens if more than one forager are placed in the simulation? 

EXTENDING THE MODEL
-------------------
Other OFT models could be simulated in this way.

CREDITS AND REFERENCES
----------------------
C. Michael Barton, Arizona State University 

For an overview of OFT models, see Foley, R. (1985). Optimality theory in anthropology. Man, 20, 222-242.

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