; Inpired from http://www.netlogoweb.org/launch#http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/models/Sample%20Models/Computer%20Science/Robotic%20Factory.nlogo ; We now monitor the costs and the gains per tick ; Operations now take time and only one robot can use a machine at the same time. This is achieved by introducing links. ; Operations can now fail and produce defects. ; Defects have to be eliminated by control points. If not, there is penalty instead of a gain. ; Intermediary control points can be supressed, with the risk of piling added value on parts that have a defect. ; The "game" is to adjust the parameters in order to maximize the margin. ; --------------- ; Declarations ; --------------- breed [ robots robot ] breed [ materials material ] breed [ control_materials control_material ] breed [ forges forge ] breed [ control_forges control_forge ] breed [ polishers polisher ] breed [ control_polishers control_polisher ] breed [ lathes lathe ] breed [ control_lathes control_lathe ] breed [ shipments shipment ] breed [ sales sold ] directed-link-breed [operations operation] ; from the machine to the robot globals [ costs ; total costs from the start (€) gains ; total gains from the start (€) margin ; total margin from the start (€) ] robots-own [ destination ; next workstation for the robot ] operations-own [ duration ; Number of ticks an operation use cost ; cost per part of the operation ] ; Setup the factory and robots when pressed to setup clear-all setup-factory setup-robots reset-ticks end ; Settle the workstations on the factory to setup-factory create-materials 1 [ setxy -10 0 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "material") set label-color white ] create-control_materials 1 [ setxy -10 -5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "control") set label-color white ] create-forges 1 [ setxy -5 0 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "forge") set label-color white ] create-control_forges 1 [ setxy -5 -5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "control") set label-color white ] create-polishers 1 [ setxy 0 0 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "polisher") set label-color white ] create-polishers 1 [ setxy 0 5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "polisher") set label-color white ] create-polishers 1 [ setxy 0 10 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "polisher") set label-color white ] create-control_polishers 1 [ setxy 0 -5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "control") set label-color white ] create-lathes 1 [ setxy 5 0 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "lathe") set label-color white ] create-lathes 1 [ setxy 5 5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "lathe") set label-color white ] create-control_lathes 1 [ setxy 5 -5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "control") set label-color white ] create-shipments 1 [ setxy 10 0 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "shipping") set label-color white ] create-sales 1 [ setxy 10 -5 set color blue set shape "square" set label (word "sold") set label-color white ] end ; give birth to some robotic crates to setup-robots create-robots crates ; crates is the number of robots ask robots [ set destination one-of materials ; start by going to the materials workstation setxy random-xcor random-ycor ; just point in a random direction at start set color green ; robots are green by default, parts have no defects set shape "box" ; it is crates of parts afterall ] end to go route ; decide the destination manufacture ; manufacture the product (operation) compute-margin ; update the total margin per tick KPI move ; move towards destination if no operation is ongoing tick end ; this is the main KPI we want to track ; it represent the total margin per tick ; this value converge over time, enabling comparisons to compute-margin set margin ((gains - costs) / ( ticks + 1)) end ; create link to act the fact that a manufacturing operation is ongoing to manufacture ; we are working on the links that represent the manufacturing operation ask operations [ ; at each tick, decrease the remaning duration if duration > 0 [ set duration duration - 1 ] ; when the duration reach zero, the link is released if duration <= 0 [ set costs costs + cost die ] ] end ; decide the direction ; create the operation at the workstation ; create defects to route ask robots [ (ifelse ; --------------- ; Step1: Materials ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = materials [ if any? materials-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of materials-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of materials-here [ set duration time_material set cost cost_material * batch ] ; create a defect if unlucky if random 1000 < (10 * defects_material) [ set color red ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse do_control_material [ set destination one-of control_materials ] [ set destination one-of forges ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step1.1: Control material ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = control_materials [ if any? control_materials-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of control_materials-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of control_materials-here [ set duration time_control_material set cost cost_control_material * batch ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse color = red ; bad part, trow it to the bin, loose all added value [ set destination one-of materials set color green ] ; good part, keep it [ set destination one-of forges ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step2: Forge ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = forges [ if any? forges-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of forges-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of forges-here [ set duration time_forge set cost cost_forge * batch ] ; create a defect if unlucky if random 1000 < (10 * defects_forge) [ set color red ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse do_control_forge [ set destination one-of control_forges ] [ set destination one-of polishers ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step2.1: Control Forges ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = control_forges [ if any? control_forges-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of control_forges-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of control_forges-here [ set duration time_control_forge set cost cost_control_forge * batch ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse color = red ; bad part, trow it to the bin, loose all added value [ set destination one-of materials set color green ] ; good part, keep it [ set destination one-of polishers ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step3: Polisher ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = polishers [ if any? polishers-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of polishers-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of polishers-here [ set duration time_polisher set cost cost_polisher * batch ] ; create a defect if unlucky if random 1000 < (10 * defects_polisher) [ set color red ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse do_control_polisher [ set destination one-of control_polishers ] [ set destination one-of lathes ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step3.1: Control Polishers ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = control_polishers [ if any? control_polishers-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of control_polishers-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of control_polishers-here [ set duration time_control_polisher set cost cost_control_polisher * batch ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse color = red ; bad part, trow it to the bin, loose all added value [ set destination one-of materials set color green ] ; good part, keep it [ set destination one-of lathes ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step4: Lathe ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = lathes [ if any? lathes-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of lathes-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of lathes-here [ set duration time_lathe set cost cost_lathe * batch ] ; create a defect if unlucky if random 1000 < (10 * defects_lathe) [ set color red ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse do_control_material [ set destination one-of control_lathes ] [ set destination one-of shipments ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step4.1: Control lathes ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = control_lathes [ if any? control_lathes-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of control_lathes-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of control_lathes-here [ set duration time_control_lathe set cost cost_control_lathe * batch ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move ifelse color = red ; bad part, trow it to the bin, loose all added value [ set destination one-of materials set color green ] ; good part, keep it [ set destination one-of shipments ] ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step6: Shipping ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = shipments [ if any? shipments-here ; If we are on the machine then link to it [ if [count links] of one-of shipments-here = 0 [ ; create the link with the machine create-operation-from one-of shipments-here [ set duration 3 set cost 1 ] ; create a defect if unlucky if random 1000 < (10 * defects_shipping) [ set color red ] ; update the destination for the next time the robot will be able to move set destination one-of sales ] ] ] ; --------------- ; Step6: Sales ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = sales [ if any? sales-here [ ; Update the destination for the robot to move next time and avoid doing this twice set destination one-of materials ; Get some gain if the part is good or a penalty if there is defect. ifelse color = red [ set gains gains - (penalty * batch) print("The client recieved a part with defects!")] [ set gains gains + (price * batch) ] ; let the robot become green again ^^ set color green ] ] ; --------------- ; Handle exceptions ; --------------- [ breed ] of destination = nobody [ print "ERROR: destination is nobody" set destination one-of materials ] ; --------------- ; Else condition ; --------------- [ print "ERROR: entered else condition in move" set destination one-of materials ] ) ] end ; make the robots moving to move ask robots [ ; move only if there is no link to a machine if count operation-neighbors = 0 [ if can-move? 1 [forward 1 face destination] ] ] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 238 10 675 448 -1 -1 13.0 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -16 16 -16 16 0 0 1 ticks 30.0 BUTTON 35 37 155 70 setup setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 33 90 155 123 go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 0 PLOT 684 11 1085 241 Costs vs Gains per tick Time Euros 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 true false "" "" PENS "costs" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "plot costs / (ticks + 1)" "gains" 1.0 0 -13840069 true "" "plot gains / (ticks + 1)" SLIDER 685 247 857 280 cost_material cost_material 0 5 1.5 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 887 248 1059 281 cost_forge cost_forge 0 5 0.5 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1077 243 1249 276 cost_polisher cost_polisher 0 5 0.1 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 29 180 201 213 batch batch 0 10000 9236.0 1 1 parts HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1272 244 1444 277 cost_lathe cost_lathe 0 5 2.0 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1275 411 1447 444 cost_control_lathe cost_control_lathe 0 2 0.3 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SWITCH 1273 369 1422 402 do_control_lathe do_control_lathe 0 1 -1000 SLIDER 1272 285 1444 318 time_lathe time_lathe 0 50 37.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1273 324 1445 357 defects_lathe defects_lathe 0 20 2.4 0.1 1 % HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1452 244 1624 277 cost_shipping cost_shipping 0 5 0.1 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 29 223 201 256 price price 0 50 11.8 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 685 288 857 321 time_material time_material 0 50 8.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 886 289 1058 322 time_forge time_forge 0 50 23.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1077 284 1249 317 time_polisher time_polisher 0 50 50.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 28 266 200 299 penalty penalty 0 50 50.0 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1453 285 1625 318 time_shipping time_shipping 0 50 10.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 685 330 857 363 defects_material defects_material 0 20 1.1 0.1 1 % HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1079 324 1251 357 defects_polisher defects_polisher 0 20 1.3 0.1 1 % HORIZONTAL SLIDER 887 330 1059 363 defects_forge defects_forge 0 20 1.1 0.1 1 % HORIZONTAL SWITCH 684 370 849 403 do_control_material do_control_material 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 887 370 1038 403 do_control_forge do_control_forge 1 1 -1000 SWITCH 1078 370 1242 403 do_control_polisher do_control_polisher 1 1 -1000 SLIDER 1276 451 1456 484 time_control_lathe time_control_lathe 0 10 4.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1454 326 1626 359 defects_shipping defects_shipping 0 20 0.0 0.1 1 % HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1076 410 1254 443 cost_control_polisher cost_control_polisher 0 2 0.1 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 886 408 1058 441 cost_control_forge cost_control_forge 0 2 0.3 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 681 409 860 442 cost_control_material cost_control_material 0 2 0.3 0.1 1 € HORIZONTAL SLIDER 887 451 1069 484 time_control_forge time_control_forge 0 10 2.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 1078 452 1273 485 time_control_polisher time_control_polisher 0 10 2.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 682 451 878 484 time_control_material time_control_material 0 10 2.0 1 1 ticks HORIZONTAL SLIDER 29 138 201 171 crates crates 0 50 20.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 1093 13 1480 239 Margin per tick Time Euros 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "margin" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot margin" MONITOR 1405 168 1462 213 NIL margin 0 1 11 @#$#@#$#@ ## WHAT IS IT? This model simulates a factory. Mechanisms are partially inspired from: > Martin, K. and Wilensky, U. (2021). NetLogo Robotic Factory model. > http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/RoboticFactory > Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Moving agents are robotic crates with parts inside. Static agents are workstations. Manufacturing machines, control posts, shipping and sales. The following mechanisms have been implemented: - Operations now take time and only one operation can be achieved at the same time. This is done by relying on decaying links. - Defects can appear during manufacturing operations. - Control operations delet the defective crates - We monitor the margin - All production parameters can be modified by sliders - There are also switches that bypass controls ## HOW IT WORKS Robots move toward a destination. The destination is defined workstation per workstation. Each time a robot come a workstation, it recieve a next destination. Howerver, when they are at a workstation, the robots are linked to it. The duration of the link represents the duration of the manufacturing, shipping, or control operation. Links also infer a cost. There are different types of operations: - Get and cut the material. A steel rod. - Forge the steel rod by stamping, it creates the raw shape of the part. - The deburring operation is not included for simplicity reasons. Let's say it is part of the forge. - Polish the part to make it shine. - Machine tool the parts on a CNC Lathe - Ship the part - Gain money if the shipped part is conform. - If there is a defect, however, the gain is negative. I wrote a detailed tutorial, so you can refer to it for more information: - English: [Introduction to simulation with NetLogo: how to create a small factory?](https://thibaut-deveraux.medium.com/introduction-to-simulation-with-netlogo-how-to-create-a-small-factory-2955d45076b) - French : [Introduction à la simulation avec NetLogo : comment créer une petite usine ?](https://thibaut-deveraux.medium.com/introduction-%C3%A0-la-simulation-avec-netlogo-comment-cr%C3%A9er-une-petite-usine-b723a87aa002) ## HOW TO USE IT ### Base * **setup** Install the workstations and robots inside the factory * **go** launch the simulation ### Global parameters * **crates** defines the number of robotic crates * **batch** defines the number of parts in each crate * **price** defines the gain from a part sale (minus costs not related to manufacturing) * **penalty** defines the money lost from shipping a crate with defects ### Per workstation * **cost_...** defines the cost of the operation (monetary) * **time_...** define the time taken by the operation * **defects_...** define the proportion of crates becoming defective at this workstation * **do_control_...** allow to test the effect of bypassing a control post ## THINGS TO NOTICE ** /!\ This model is not meant to simulate an actual factory.** The author will take no liability. This is a simplified simulation for learning. It may be used as an extendable base if you know what you are doing and why. Then, you are responsible for what you do with this model. ## THINGS TO TRY Try to deleted intermediary controls. Except for the last one. If there is a relatively high amount of defects and/or the controls are economic, you will lose money. With a small number of defects and/or economic controls, you may have a positive income. ## EXTENDING THE MODEL We are far from a realistic manufacturing process. In the real world: - it is probable that only x% of a crate has defects. - we lose some parts at each step due to quality issues - industrial processes are permanently being improved or modified - defects rates are higher at the start, so there are more controls on new parts - there are several types of control. Dimensional, visual, tensile strength... - some controls are made on a part of the crate, so some defects can still go through controls - ... ## NETLOGO FEATURES - agents - links ## Licence This model is released under a [CC BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) licence. ## How to cite > Thibaut DEVERAUX (2022). Small Factory. > https://thibaut-deveraux.medium.com/introduction-to-simulation-with-netlogo-how-to-create-a-small-factory-2955d45076b > Released under CC BY SA 4.0 ## RELATED MODELS With inspirations from: > Martin, K. and Wilensky, U. (2021). NetLogo Robotic Factory model. > http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/RoboticFactory > Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 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