globals [population wealth life-all pdefense-all stopped] ;the initial population, the wealth of society, the initial life of all the breeds, the probability to avoid attack, if world has to be stopped
breed [h1s h1] ;helpless people  POM
breed [h2s h2] ;helpless people under POM
breed [intels intel] ;intelligent people
breed [stupids stupid] ;stupid people
breed [b1s b1] ;bandits over POM
breed [b2s b2] ;bandits under POM
breed [thieves thief] ;thieves, bandits on POM

turtles-own [life pdefense] ;the life of each turtle
stupids-own [pattack] ;the probability of a stupid to attack. It is equal to 0 or 1.

to setup
  ca ;clear-all
  set population get-population ;the total population when starting
  set pdefense-all 0.2 ;set the probability to avoid attack
  set life-all 60 ;set the initial life value
  ; breeds creation: numbers of breeds created are taken from sliders, position is set, label defined
  create-h1s number-h1s [setxy -5 10 set label "H1"]
  create-h2s number-h2s [setxy -10 5 set label "H2"]
  create-intels number-intels [setxy 10 10 set label "I"]
  create-stupids number-stupids + random (population / 10) [setxy -10 -10 set label "S"] ;stupids' number is increased because of first law (sigma = number-stupids + random number between 0 and population/10)
  create-b1s number-b1s [setxy 5 -10 set label "B1"]
  create-b2s number-b2s [setxy 10 -5 set label "B2"]
  create-thieves number-thieves [setxy 5 -5 set label "T"]
  ;set turtles' life value and probability to avoid attack
  ask turtles [set life life-all]
  ask turtles [set pdefense pdefense-all]
  set-pattack ;it set the pattack of stupids
  ; set breeds' shape
  set-default-shape h1s "square"
  set-default-shape h2s "square 2"
  set-default-shape intels "star"
  set-default-shape stupids "x"
  set-default-shape b1s "circle"
  set-default-shape b2s "circle 2"
  set-default-shape thieves "dot"
  set-wealth ;calculate initial wealth
  set stopped false
  set population get-population
  reset-ticks ;restart the ticks
end

to-report get-population
  report count h1s + count h2s + count intels + count stupids + count b1s + count b2s + count thieves
end

to set-wealth
  set wealth sum [life] of turtles ;life sum of all agents alive
end

to set-pattack
  ask stupids [set pattack random-float 1] ;set the pattack to be between 0 or 1
end

to go
  if stopped = true [stop]
  if count turtles with [breed != stupids ] = 0 [ ;if only stupids are alive "goes to Hell"
    set wealth "HELL"
    stop
  ]
  attack ;procedure to decide who attack who
  stupid-closeness ;non-stupids on the same patch of stupids will be killed
  check-death ;kill people with no life
  set-wealth ;update the wealth after attack
  set population get-population ;update the population alive
  set-pattack ;set pattack of stupid
  move-turtles ; moves turtles random. It does not affect the attack
  tick
end

to stupid-closeness
  ask stupids [ ask neighbors [ ask turtles-here with [breed != stupids] [die] ] ]
end

to attack
  stupid-attack
  ;everyone attack with values chosen with slider within a fixed range of ticks
    carefully [
    ;h1s attack every 2 ticks etc..
    if ticks mod 2 = 0 [ ask h1s [ ask one-of other turtles [set life life + helpless-level ] set life life - helpless-level + 2 ] ]
    if ticks mod 3 = 0 [ ask h2s [ ask one-of other turtles [set life life + helpless-level ] set life life - helpless-level - 2 ]]
    if ticks mod 10 = 0 [ ask intels [ ask one-of other turtles [set life life + intels-level ] set life life + intels-level ]]
    if ticks mod 7 = 0 [ask b1s [ ask one-of other turtles [set life life - bandit-level] set life life + bandit-level + 2 ]]
    if ticks mod 4 = 0 [ask b2s [ ask one-of other turtles [set life life - bandit-level] set life life + bandit-level - 2 ]]
    if ticks mod 5 = 0 [ask thieves [ask one-of other turtles [set life life - bandit-level] set life life + bandit-level ]]
    ]
    [print "You are alone, turtle!" set stopped true]
end

to stupid-attack
  ;stupid attack with 0.5 probability. They hurt themselves with a fixed probability when attacking.
  ask stupids [ if pattack > 0.50 [
       ask one-of other turtles [
         set life life - stupidity-level] ; stupid attack another turtle
       if pattack > 0.90 [ set life life - stupidity-level - 3 ]] ;stupid also attack himself
    ]
end
to check-death ;only stupid people can have negative life
  ask h1s [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
  ask h2s [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
  ask intels [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
  ask stupids [ if life <= -50 [ die ] ]
  ask b1s [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
  ask b2s [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
  ask thieves [ if life <= 0 [ die ] ]
end

to move-turtles
  ask turtles [right random 360 fd 2]
end
@#$#@#$#@
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"" ""
PENS
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"Intelligent" 1.0 0 -14070903 true "" "plot count intels"
"Stupid" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "plot count stupids"
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intels = intelligent\nh1 = helpless a bit intel\nh2 = helpless a bit stupid\nb1 = bandit a little intel\nb2 = bandit a little stupid\n\nx-level = damage of x in society
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@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

This model is based on the Carlo M. Cipolla paper "The basic Laws of Human Stupidity".
The model creates the society described by Cipolla, with various types of individual behaving according to certain rules. The society "goes to Hell" if stupid people (and stupid-like people) prevail the intelligent people (and intelligent-like people) and become richer and richer viceversa.

In the paper 4 areas are described: every areas belong to a category of people: intelligent in the upper right corner, helpless in the upper left, stupid in the bottom left and bandit in the bottom right.

From top to bottom (y-axis) increase the damage that a person cause to the others.
From right to left (x-axis) increase the damage that a persone cause to himself.

So intelligents' actions have positive effects on the society and also on the intelligent.
Helpless cause a damage to themselves while enriching the others.
Stupid cause losses to the others while deriving no gain for themselves or even incurring in losses.
Bandits gain advantages for themselves damaging the others.
Thieves are a special type of bandits: they do not change the total amount of wealth because they gain for themselves the same amount they steal to the others.

## HOW IT WORKS

There are 7 different types of agents: intels, stupids, h1, h2, b1, b2, thieves.
h = helpless
b = bandits

Agents with 1 are more intelligent, agents with 2 are more stupid.
Sliders permit to set the initial population and the damage of each breed.

Every tick the agents attack. Stupid attack with 0.5 probability. The attack rules reflect the Cipolla's paper.

Every breed has his own life. When life goes to 0 the agent dies.

Every agents next to (neighbors of) a stupid will die.


## HOW TO USE IT

Choose initial values from the slider then click SETUP. GO ONCE advance 1 tick. GO will loop the simulation until only one agents (or only stupids) is alive.

The graph plot the current number of agents per breed alive. The reports (in the upper side) show the current population alive and the wealth of the society.

## EXTENDING THE MODEL

Every extension has to be carried out reflecting the Cipolla's paper.

* Cipolla says that people don't belong always to the same category, but on average their behaviour do. How this can be implemented? An agent can change his breed depending on his position in the world.

* How can simulation varies if an agent next to a stupid isn't killed but only damaged?

## CREDITS AND REFERENCES
Carlo M. Cipolla
http://advanced.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity.pdf
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@#$#@#$#@
NetLogo 5.3.1
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
<experiments>
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    <setup>setup</setup>
    <go>go</go>
    <timeLimit steps="100000"/>
    <exitCondition>count stupids = 0 or count intels = 0</exitCondition>
    <metric>count h1s</metric>
    <metric>count h2s</metric>
    <metric>count intels</metric>
    <metric>count b1s</metric>
    <metric>count b2s</metric>
    <metric>count thieves</metric>
    <metric>count stupids</metric>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-h2s">
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      <value value="5"/>
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    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-h1s">
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    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-b2s">
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    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-b1s">
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    <steppedValueSet variable="intels-level" first="2" step="1" last="10"/>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-thieves">
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    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="number-intels">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
  </experiment>
</experiments>
@#$#@#$#@
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