;; Sueur Cédric. Flocking with informed and non informed individuals;; turtles-own [ flockmates ;; agentset of nearby turtles nearest-neighbor ;; closest one of our flockmates types-1 ;; 1 = noninformed; 2 = informed types-2 rank-of-informed-type-1 rank-of-informed-type-2 neighbours-at-t-1 ;; neighbours at T - 1 ] patches-own [ressources ;; 0 = pas de ressource; 1 = ressources type 1; 2 = ressources type 2 ] globals [patch-type-1-x patch-type-1-y patch-type-2-x patch-type-2-y] to setup ca cct population [set types-1 1 set types-2 1 set rank-of-informed-type-1 random population ifelse rank-of-informed-type-1-of self <= number-of-informed-type-1 [set types-1 2 set pcolor green] [if types-1-of self = 1 [set rank-of-informed-type-2 random population] ifelse rank-of-informed-type-2-of self <= number-of-informed-type-2 [set types-2 2 set pcolor red] [set color yellow - 2 + random 7 ;; random shades look nice ]] setxy random 0 100 set neighbours-at-t-1 (count turtles in-radius vision)] cp end to create-patch-type-1 if mouse-down? ;; renvoie Vrai/faux en fonction du click souris [ask patch-at mouse-xcor mouse-ycor [set ressources 1 set pcolor green set patch-type-1-x mouse-xcor set patch-type-1-y mouse-ycor taille-du-trait neighbors green 2 ] ] end to create-patch-type-2 if mouse-down? ;; renvoie Vrai/faux en fonction du click souris [ask patch-at mouse-xcor mouse-ycor [set ressources 2 set pcolor red set patch-type-2-x mouse-xcor set patch-type-2-y mouse-ycor taille-du-trait neighbors red 2 ] ] end to taille-du-trait [voisins couleur-choisie valeur-occupation] ask neighbors [set ressources valeur-occupation set pcolor couleur-choisie] end to go no-display ask turtles [ flock ] display end to flock ;; turtle procedure ifelse types-1-of self = 2 [ifelse flockmates = 0 [find-flockmates] [ifelse neighbours-at-t-1 <= count turtles in-radius vision [ find-nearest-neighbor ifelse distance nearest-neighbor < minimum-separation [ separate ] [ align cohere ] ] [facexy patch-type-1-x patch-type-1-y] fd random 4 - random 2] ] [ifelse types-2-of self = 2 [ifelse flockmates = 0 [find-flockmates] [ifelse neighbours-at-t-1 <= count turtles in-radius vision [ find-nearest-neighbor ifelse distance nearest-neighbor < minimum-separation [ separate ] [ align cohere ] ] [facexy patch-type-2-x patch-type-2-y] fd random 4 - random 2]] [find-flockmates if neighbours-at-t-1 <= count turtles in-radius vision [ find-nearest-neighbor ifelse distance nearest-neighbor < minimum-separation [ separate ] [ align cohere ] ] fd 1]] set neighbours-at-t-1 (count turtles in-radius vision) end to find-flockmates ;; turtle procedure set flockmates (turtles in-radius vision) with [self != myself] end to find-nearest-neighbor ;; turtle procedure set nearest-neighbor min-one-of flockmates [distance myself] end ;;; SEPARATE to separate ;; turtle procedure turn-away (heading-of nearest-neighbor) max-separate-turn end ;;; ALIGN to align ;; turtle procedure turn-towards average-flockmate-heading max-align-turn end to-report average-flockmate-heading ;; turtle procedure ;; We can't just average the heading variables here. ;; For example, the average of 1 and 359 should be 0, ;; not 180. So we have to use trigonometry. ;; Theoretically this could fail if both sums are 0 ;; since atan 0 0 is undefined, but in practice that's ;; vanishingly unlikely. report atan sum values-from flockmates [sin heading] sum values-from flockmates [cos heading] end ;;; COHERE to cohere ;; turtle procedure turn-towards average-heading-towards-flockmates max-cohere-turn end to-report average-heading-towards-flockmates ;; turtle procedure ;; "towards myself" gives us the heading from the other turtle ;; to me, but we want the heading from me to the other turtle, ;; so we add 180 report atan mean values-from flockmates [sin (towards myself + 180)] mean values-from flockmates [cos (towards myself + 180)] end ;;; HELPER PROCEDURES to turn-towards [new-heading max-turn] ;; turtle procedure turn-at-most (subtract-headings new-heading heading) max-turn end to turn-away [new-heading max-turn] ;; turtle procedure turn-at-most (subtract-headings heading new-heading) max-turn end ;; turn right by "turn" degrees (or left if "turn" is negative), ;; but never turn more than "max-turn" degrees to turn-at-most [turn max-turn] ;; turtle procedure ifelse abs turn > max-turn [ ifelse turn > 0 [ rt max-turn ] [ lt max-turn ] ] [ rt turn ] end ;; This model was developed using the flocking model of Wilensky: ; *** NetLogo 3.1.4 Model Copyright Notice *** ; ; This model was created as part of the project: CONNECTED MATHEMATICS: ; MAKING SENSE OF COMPLEX PHENOMENA THROUGH BUILDING OBJECT-BASED PARALLEL ; MODELS (OBPML). The project gratefully acknowledges the support of the ; National Science Foundation (Applications of Advanced Technologies ; Program) -- grant numbers RED #9552950 and REC #9632612. ; ; Copyright 1998 by Uri Wilensky. All rights reserved. ; ; Permission to use, modify or redistribute this model is hereby granted, ; provided that both of the following requirements are followed: ; a) this copyright notice is included. ; b) this model will not be redistributed for profit without permission ; from Uri Wilensky. ; Contact Uri Wilensky for appropriate licenses for redistribution for ; profit. ; ; This model was converted to NetLogo as part of the projects: ; PARTICIPATORY SIMULATIONS: NETWORK-BASED DESIGN FOR SYSTEMS LEARNING ; IN CLASSROOMS and/or INTEGRATED SIMULATION AND MODELING ENVIRONMENT. ; The project gratefully acknowledges the support of the ; National Science Foundation (REPP & ROLE programs) -- ; grant numbers REC #9814682 and REC-0126227. ; Converted from StarLogoT to NetLogo, 2002. ; ; To refer to this model in academic publications, please use: ; Wilensky, U. (1998). NetLogo Flocking model. ; http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Flocking. ; Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, ; Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. ; ; In other publications, please use: ; Copyright 1998 Uri Wilensky. All rights reserved. ; See http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Flocking ; for terms of use. ; ; *** End of NetLogo 3.1.4 Model Copyright Notice *** @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 250 10 861 642 300 300 0.5 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -300 300 -300 300 CC-WINDOW 5 656 870 751 Command Center 0 BUTTON 39 41 116 74 NIL setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER T NIL BUTTON 122 41 203 74 NIL go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL SLIDER 9 88 232 121 population population 1 1000 54 1 1 NIL SLIDER 4 217 237 250 max-align-turn max-align-turn 0.0 90.0 18.5 0.25 1 degrees SLIDER 4 251 237 284 max-cohere-turn max-cohere-turn 0 90 19.75 0.25 1 degrees SLIDER 4 285 237 318 max-separate-turn max-separate-turn 0 20 2.5 0.25 1 degrees SLIDER 9 135 232 168 vision vision 0 100 20.5 0.5 1 patches SLIDER 9 169 232 202 minimum-separation minimum-separation 0 5 0.5 0.25 1 patches BUTTON 45 342 189 375 NIL create-patch-type-1 T 1 T OBSERVER T NIL SLIDER 2 478 226 511 number-of-informed-type-1 number-of-informed-type-1 0 500 10 1 1 NIL BUTTON 45 434 151 467 NIL clear-patches NIL 1 T OBSERVER T NIL BUTTON 46 383 190 416 NIL create-patch-type-2 T 1 T OBSERVER T NIL SLIDER 3 522 226 555 number-of-informed-type-2 number-of-informed-type-2 0 500 0 1 1 NIL @#$#@#$#@ WHAT IS IT? ----------- This model is a replication of the one developed by Iain D. Couzin, Jens Krause, Nigel R. Franks & Simon A. Levin (2005, Nature). Using rules of flocking in birds and schools of fish, the model shows how group members take a collective decision to move in the direction of a food location, even if only few individuals know where this location is. Other group members do not know which individuals have the information, but the group stay cohesive and move toward the food location. I have used the model 'flocking' of Wilensky (1998) for the processes of collective movements of animals. Animals follow three rules: "alignment", "separation", and "cohesion". "Alignment" means that an individual tends to turn so that it is moving in the same direction that nearby animals are moving. "Separation" means that an individual will turn to avoid another bird which gets too close. "Cohesion" means that an individual will move towards other nearby individuals (unless another bird is too close). When two animals are too close, the "separation" rule overrides the other two, which are deactivated until the minimum separation is achieved. The three rules affect only the animal's heading. Each individual always moves forward at the same constant speed. HOW TO USE IT ------------- Determine the number of individuals (population) you want in the simulation and set the POPULATION slider to that value. Press SETUP to create individuals, Create a patch (one pixel) to determine the direction to move. You can create another patch (second button) to create another group of informed individuals, i.e. two groups wanting to move in two different directions. press GO to have them start moving around. The default settings for the sliders will produce reasonably good flocking behavior. However, you can play with them to get variations: Three TURN-ANGLE sliders control the maximum angle a bird can turn as a result of each rule. VISION is the distance that each bird can see 360 degrees around it. CREDITS AND REFERENCES ---------------------- This model is inspired by Couzin et al. (2005), Wilensky (1998) and the Boids simulation invented by Craig Reynolds. The algorithm we use here is roughly similar to the original Boids algorithm, but it is not the same. The exact details of the algorithm tend not to matter very much -- as long as you have alignment, separation, and cohesion, you will usually get flocking behavior resembling that produced by Reynolds' original model. Information on Boids is available at http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/. Couzin, I.D., Krause , J., Franks, N.R. & Levin, S.A., 2005. Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move. Nature, 433, 513-516. (doi: 10.1038/nature03236) Model by Sueur Cédric. http://cedric.sueur1.free.fr/home.html @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 link true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 30 225 Line -7500403 true 150 150 270 225 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 89 198 75 225 75 255 105 270 135 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 139 148 100 105 55 90 25 90 10 105 10 135 25 180 40 195 85 194 139 163 Polygon -7500403 true true 162 150 200 105 245 90 275 90 290 105 290 135 275 180 260 195 215 195 162 165 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 135 225 120 150 135 120 150 105 165 120 180 150 165 225 Circle -16777216 true false 135 90 30 Line -16777216 false 150 105 195 60 Line -16777216 false 150 105 105 60 car false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 300 180 279 164 261 144 240 135 226 132 213 106 203 84 185 63 159 50 135 50 75 60 0 150 0 165 0 225 300 225 300 180 Circle -16777216 true false 180 180 90 Circle -16777216 true false 30 180 90 Polygon -16777216 true false 162 80 132 78 134 135 209 135 194 105 189 96 180 89 Circle -7500403 true true 47 195 58 Circle -7500403 true true 195 195 58 circle false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 circle 2 false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 cow false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 200 193 197 249 179 249 177 196 166 187 140 189 93 191 78 179 72 211 49 209 48 181 37 149 25 120 25 89 45 72 103 84 179 75 198 76 252 64 272 81 293 103 285 121 255 121 242 118 224 167 Polygon -7500403 true true 73 210 86 251 62 249 48 208 Polygon -7500403 true true 25 114 16 195 9 204 23 213 25 200 39 123 cylinder false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 dot false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 90 90 120 face happy false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 90 239 62 213 47 191 67 179 90 203 109 218 150 225 192 218 210 203 227 181 251 194 236 217 212 240 face neutral false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 7 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 195 240 225 face sad false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 168 90 184 62 210 47 232 67 244 90 220 109 205 150 198 192 205 210 220 227 242 251 229 236 206 212 183 fish false 0 Polygon -1 true false 44 131 21 87 15 86 0 120 15 150 0 180 13 214 20 212 45 166 Polygon -1 true false 135 195 119 235 95 218 76 210 46 204 60 165 Polygon -1 true false 75 45 83 77 71 103 86 114 166 78 135 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 136 151 77 226 81 280 119 292 146 292 160 287 170 270 195 195 210 151 212 30 166 Circle -16777216 true false 215 106 30 flag false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 60 15 75 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 90 150 270 90 90 30 Line -7500403 true 75 135 90 135 Line -7500403 true 75 45 90 45 flower false 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 135 120 165 165 180 210 180 240 150 300 165 300 195 240 195 195 165 135 Circle -7500403 true true 85 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 147 38 Circle -7500403 true true 192 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 85 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 70 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 25 38 Circle -7500403 true true 96 51 108 Circle -16777216 true false 113 68 74 Polygon -10899396 true false 189 233 219 188 249 173 279 188 234 218 Polygon -10899396 true false 180 255 150 210 105 210 75 240 135 240 house false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 45 120 255 285 Rectangle -16777216 true false 120 210 180 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 120 150 15 285 120 Line -16777216 false 30 120 270 120 leaf false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 210 135 195 120 210 60 210 30 195 60 180 60 165 15 135 30 120 15 105 40 104 45 90 60 90 90 105 105 120 120 120 105 60 120 60 135 30 150 15 165 30 180 60 195 60 180 120 195 120 210 105 240 90 255 90 263 104 285 105 270 120 285 135 240 165 240 180 270 195 240 210 180 210 165 195 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 195 135 240 120 255 105 255 105 285 135 285 165 240 165 195 line true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 line half true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 150 pentagon false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 15 15 120 60 285 240 285 285 120 person false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 110 5 80 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 225 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 195 90 Rectangle -7500403 true true 127 79 172 94 Polygon -7500403 true true 195 90 240 150 225 180 165 105 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 60 150 75 180 135 105 plant false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 135 90 165 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90 square false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 square 2 false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240 star false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108 target false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180 Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 tree false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94 Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300 Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108 Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127 Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152 triangle false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 triangle 2 false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224 truck false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187 Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194 Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105 Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112 Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42 Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194 Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42 Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42 turtle true 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210 Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87 Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99 wheel false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15 Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269 Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221 Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79 Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 3.1.5 @#$#@#$#@ set population 200 setup repeat 200 [ go ] @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@