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If you download the NetLogo application, this model is included. You can also Try running it in NetLogo Web |
This model enables students to "sketch" representations of syringe-like systems to explore concepts related to gas behavior and gas particles. It also enables students to simulate an experiment by drawing a temperature-time graph for the plunger.
This model is part of the Particulate Nature of Matter (PNoM) Curricular Unit. Most of the models in PNoM use the same basic rules for simulating the behavior of gases. Each model highlights different features of how gas behavior is related to gas particle behavior and adds to new features to the model.
In all of the models, gas particles are assumed to move and to collide, both with each other and with objects such as walls.
In this model, particles can be added, color coded, and sped up or slowed down, by drawing with the mouse cursor in the WORLD. Also, additional types of removable and replaceable walls can be added to either end of the syringe. The plunger in the middle moves according to the forces applied on it by the gas molecules.
The particles are modeled as hard balls with no internal energy except that which is due to their motion. Collisions between particles are elastic. The total kinetic energy of the two particles after the encounter is equal to their total kinetic energy before the encounter. Collisions with the wall are not. When a particle hits the wall, it bounces off the wall but does not loose any energy to the wall. It does not gain any energy from the wall either. The plunger moves according to the total force applied on it by the particles at any given instant.
The exact way two particles collide is as follows: 1. A particle moves in a straight line without changing its speed, unless it collides with another particle or bounces off the wall. 2. Two particles "collide" if they find themselves on the same patch. In this model, two turtles are aimed so that they will collide at the origin. 3. An angle of collision for the particles is chosen, as if they were two solid balls that hit, and this angle describes the direction of the line connecting their centers. 4. The particles exchange momentum and energy only along this line, conforming to the conservation of momentum and energy for elastic collisions. 5. Each particle is assigned its new speed, heading and energy.
SETUP - sets up the initial conditions set on the sliders. GO/STOP/ADD ELEMENTS - runs and stops the model. REMOVE/REPLACE RED WALL - toggles the red walls on and off. REMOVE/REPLACE BLUE WALL - toggles the blue walls on and off. WATCH-AND-TRACE-A-PARTICLE - highlights a particle and puts its pen down. RESET-PERSPECTIVE - used for re-centering the WORLD & VIEW after riding or watching a particle. RIDE-A-PARTICLE - attaches the viewpoint of the observer to a particle. RESTART PLOTTING - cleans and restarts the plots. SAVE - saves the current state of the model to an external file (you will need to provide a model name after clicking this button). LOAD - loads a previously saved model state file from the computer (you will need to choose a file after clicking this button).
SHOW-WALL-HITS? - turn visualization of when particles hits the walls (as flashes) ON or OFF.
VISUALIZE-PARTICLE-SPEED - allows you to visualize particle speeds. For example, selecting "arrows", creates a representation of each particle velocity using a scalar arrow. Selecting "shades" creates representation of each particle speed using a brighter (faster) or darker (slower) shade of the particle's color.
MOUSE-INTERACTION - sets the type interaction the user can do with the mouse in the WORLD & VIEW. Possible settings include: "none - let the particles interact" - particles move about. "draw basic wall" - adds a gray wall under the mouse cursor. "draw red removable wall" - adds a red wall under the mouse cursor which can be alternatively removed and replaced (like a valve) using the REMOVE/REPLACE RED WALL. "draw green removable wall" - adds a green wall under the mouse cursor which can be alternatively removed and replaced (like a valve) using the REMOVE/REPLACE GREEN WALL. "big eraser" - erases all objects (except the yellow box boundary walls) under the mouse cursor. "slow down particles" - reduces the current speed of the particles by 10%. "speed up particles" - increases the current speed of the particles by 10%. "paint particles green" - recolors the particles under the mouse cursor green (other settings include orange and purple). "add green particles" - adds a couple of new particles under the mouse cursor (other settings include orange and purple). "choose heat/cool region" - lets you click an area above or below the plunger to be heated and/or cooled through the temp-time graph drawing.
The gray area with X and Y axes next to the syringe model enables you to draw a force-time graph and then run the model to simulate the effects of pushing and/or pulling the syringe's plunger on the whole system.
DRAW TEMP VS TIME GRAPH - click this button to start drawing on the right sight of the view. You can to click any gray point to draw the graph. You need to click this button again once you are done drawing. RESET AXES - Cleans the previous temp-time drawing. IDENTIFY REGION TO BE HEATED/COOLED - flashes the region that is going to be heated and/or cooled based on the temp - time graph drawing. if you do not see any region flashing, you need to active GO/STOP/ADD ELEMENTS button, choose the "choose heat/cool region" option from the MOUSE-INTERACTION chooser, and click to an area either above or below the plunger. PREPARE FOR EXPERIMENTAL RUN - cleans the plots and prepares the model for running the experiment based on the force-time drawing. RUN EXPERIMENT - runs the experiment.
The mouse interaction can be used while the model is running as well as when it is stopped.
Transparency is used to model flashes of where pressure was transferred to the wall by fading away the color of the flash at locations where a particle hit the wall.
Create a model of hot and cold gasses on two sides of the plunger with walls. Explore the effects of temperature on the behavior of the plunger.
Create a model of how the plunger position changes after one of the walls of the plunger is removed.
Simulate the effects of pulling the plunger by putting a lot of particles on both sides of the plunger, closing one side of the syringe with a wall, waiting for the plunger position to stabilize, and finally removing some particles from the closed side of the syringe.
If you mention this model or the NetLogo software in a publication, we ask that you include the citations below.
For the model itself:
Please cite the NetLogo software as:
To cite the Particulate Nature of Matter curriculum as a whole, please use:
Copyright 2010 Uri Wilensky.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Commercial licenses are also available. To inquire about commercial licenses, please contact Uri Wilensky at uri@northwestern.edu.
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